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　　六级听力Lecture One 科学研究中合作的重要性

　　Good afternoon class. Today I want to discuss with you a new approach to empirical research. In the past, scientists often worked alone. They were confined to the university or research center where they worked. Today, though, we are seeing mergers of some of the greatest scientific minds, regardless of their location. There has never been a better time for collaborations with foreign scientists.Q16. In fact, the European union is taking the lead.Spurred on by funding policies,half of European research articles had international co-authors in 2007 is more than twice the level of two decades ago.The European union's level of international co-authorship is about twice that of the United States, Japan, and India. Even so, the levels in these countries are also rising. This is a sign of the continued allure of creating scientific coalitions across borders.

　　AndrewSchubert, a researcher at the institute for science policy research, that the rising collaboration is partly out of necessity. This necessity comes with the rise of big science. Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated. These new complications require the money and labor of many nations. Q17.But he says collaborations have also emerged because of increased possibilities. The internet allows like-minded scientists to find each other.Simultaneously,dramatic drops in communication costs ease long distance interactions, and there's a reward. Q17.Studies of citation counts show that international co-authored papers have better visibility. Schubert says international collaboration is a way to spread ideas in wider and wider circles. Caroline Wagner, a research scientist at George Washington university, notes that international collaborations offer additional flexibility. Whereas local collaborations sometimes persist past the point of usefulness, because of social or academic obligations.International ones can be cultivated and dropped more freely. The collaborative trend is true across scientific disciplines. Some feels though have a greater tendency for it.

　　Particle physicist and astronomers collaborateoften.This's because they must share expensive facilities. Mathematicians, by contrast, tend historically towards solitude. As a consequence, they lag behind other disciplines. However, Wagner says partnerships are rising there too. The level of collaboration also varies from country to country. There are historical and political reasons as to why collaborations emerge, says Wagner. This rise is also apparently boosted by policies embedded in European framework funding schemes. These policies underlie funding requirements that often require teamwork.

　　Question16. What do we learn about the research funding policies in the European Union?

　　Question 17. Why do researchers today favor international collaboration?

　　Question 18. What do we learn about the field of mathematics recording?

　　16. 问题：我们从欧盟研究基金政策中得知什么?

　　D. They encourage international collaboration.

　　本题听好开头，In fact 后即为答案。collaboration, co-author 多次重复。

　　17. 问题：为什么现在的研究学者更喜欢国际合作?

　　B. They believe that more hand will make light work.

　　本题考查观点，结合观点之后的better visibility，wider and wider circles，additional flexibility可同意转换出本题答案。

　　18. 问题：从数学领域我们得知什么?

　　B. It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.

　　本题考查结果，as a consequence，后面即为原词重现的答案。

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