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2020.12四级听力解析

武汉中心 丁国川

Section A

News Report One

A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists(1). The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean. Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people. Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing. The fish, often known as Devil Firefish, is a highly invasive species. And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life(2). After being spotted in the Mediterranean, a marine scientist says, “The fish is spreading, and that’s a cause for concern.”

Q1: What is reported in the news?

答案：A

解析：通过选项可以提前得知该题目可能问的是新闻主题，而新闻听力题需要关注文章开头，在文章开头会出现新闻的主旨，A选项属于原文的同义替换。

原文翻译：A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists.

科学家警告说，一种剧毒的鱼正在入侵地中海，这种鱼的毒刺足以杀死一个人。

Q2: What is the environmentalists’ concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?

答案：C

解析：新闻听力题需要关注文中人物的观点，出现environmentalists时，需要着重关注，而且根据选项可以提前得知问题是该生物可能带来的影响。C选项属于原文的同义替换。

原文翻译：And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life.

环保人士担心它的到来可能会危及其他类型的海洋生物。

New Report Two

Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day(3). This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time(4). Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car Free Day last year. Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road. About 400 miles of streets will be closed to cars. It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels. “Last year’s car-free day showed a 40% drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor”, reports the Guardian, “and some levels dropped by 50% in the city centre.”

Q3: What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?

答案：B

解析：通过选项可以提前得知该题目可能问的是新闻主题，新闻听力题需要关注文章开头，在文章开头会出现新闻的主旨，B选项有almost half of 、the centre等原词 。

原文翻译：Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day.

本周日，为了纪念世界无车日，巴黎市中心近一半的区域将只能步行或骑自行车进入。

Q4: What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?

答案：A

解析：通过选项可以提前得知所问的是某事情发生可能的原因，而且A选项有原词rising air pollution，在文章后面也多次出现。

原文翻译：This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time.

这是对不断加剧的空气污染做出的回应。空气污染曾一度使巴黎成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

News report 3

A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations(5). Then, a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.

The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.

When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million(6).

The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum, only weighs 14 pounds. That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in. 

The monstrous pearl, measured at 1 foot wide and 2.2 feet long, is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.

Q5: What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?

答案：B

解析：通过选项可以提前得知该题目可能问的是新闻主题，新闻听力题需要关注文章开头，在文章开头会出现新闻的主旨，尽管提到了luck、fisher等干扰信息，但是最重要的事情是house fire。因此答案选B。

原文翻译：A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations.

一名菲律宾渔民对自己的运气感到十分失落，当一场房屋大火迫使他清空了自己的财产以及改变住所。

Q6: What was the fisherman forced to do?

答案：D

解析：本文后半段反复出现pearl珍珠，说明其是主题之一，另外通过选项可以得知此题在询问主人公做了什么，可以重点关注主人公做了什么。D选项符合文章后半段主题，也有原词he had kept。

原文翻译：When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million.

当他被迫卖掉这颗珍珠时，普林塞卡港的旅游经纪人震惊地告诉他，藏在破旧木屋里的这颗价值77英镑的巨珠是世界上最大的珍珠，价值7600万英镑。

Q7: What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?

答案：C

解析：该题有关于pearl珍珠，因此重点关注与珍珠相关的信息，尤其是关于其价值的内容。

原文翻译：同上。

Section B

Conversation 1

WOMAN: Mr. Smith, It’s a pleasure meeting you!

Man: Nice to meet you, too. What can I do for you?

WOMAN: Well, I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you. Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries, offering different business services. We’re a global company with 75 years of history(8). And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies.

MAN: Thank you, Mrs. Houston. I know Astro Consultants is a famous company. But you said you would show me what you could do for me. Well. What exactly can your firm do for my company?

WOMAN: We advise businesses on all matters, from market analysis to legal issues. Anything a business like yours could meet. Our firm offers expert advice. Could I ask you, Mr. Smith, to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face? That way, I could better respond as to how we can help you.

Man: OK, sure. This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950(9). We employ just over 100 people. We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions. Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design. And that’s what we do in our factory. Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising, and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India(10).

WOMAN: I see. That’s very interesting. I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India.(11) That way, we could offer the best advice on different ways forward for you.

Question 8-11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 

Q8: What do we learn about the woman’s company?

答案：A

解析：长对话关注听力首轮对话，但是要除开寒暄，因此排除寒暄之外的第一轮对话会出现答案。原文中提到75年历史，与选项A是同义替换。

原文翻译：We’re a global company with 75 years of history.

我们是一家有着75年历史的全球化公司。

Q9: What does the man say about his own company?

答案：C

解析：原词完全复现。

原文翻译：This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950.

这是我祖父在1950年创立的家族企业。

Q10: What is the main problem with the man’s company?

答案：D

解析：通过选项可以看出该题问的是缺点或问题，因此重点听相关信息，原文中提到challenge的时候考生应该明白后面要出现重要信息。D选项有关键原词competitive。

原文翻译：Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising, and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India.

我们面临的主要挑战是，我们的国家货币正在升值，我们正在失去在印度石头产品中的竞争优势。

Q11: What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’s company?

答案：A

解析：通过选项可以看出该题问的是建议或打算，因此重点听相关信息，原文中出现suggest的时候考生应该明白后面要出现重要信息。A选项是原词复现。

原文翻译：I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India.

我建议您让我们先对贵公司进行财务分析，同时分析贵公司在印度的竞争对手。

Conversation 2

Woman: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing!(12)

Man: Really? You think so?

W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn’t, did you?

M: No. I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother, Greg. He’s actually in the construction business, which was really helpful.

W: Honestly, I’m impressed! I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn’t know where to start.

M: Well, for a while now, I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines.(13) Every now and then, I’d saved the pictures I liked. Believe it or not, I have a full notebook of magazine pages. Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg’s help, it was very achievable.

W: Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be.

M: Actually, it was surprisingly affordable.(14) I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.

W: Great! If you don’t mind, I’d like to pick your brain a bit more. Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience.(15) Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?

Q12: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

答案：D

解析：长对话关注听力首轮对话，而且通过选项可以提前得知问的是女声相关的内容，因此听到第一句女声对话中的amazing即可得出答案D。

原文翻译：The place looks absolutely amazing!

这个地方看起来太棒了!

Q13: Where did the man get his ideas for the project?

答案：B

解析：长对话关注问答信息，从选项可以推测出问题是关于设计灵感的来源，因为选项中提到了design和designer。那么当听到Where did you get your ideas?的时候，考生应该明白重要信息将要出现。后文果然出现原词home design magazines.

原文翻译：Well, for a while now, I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines.

一段时间以来，我一直在定期购买家居设计杂志。

Q14: What did the man say about the project he recently completed?

答案：C

解析：长对话关注问答信息，根据选项可以提前得知问题大概是某件事情的结果如何，因此当听到女声问Wasn’t it expensive?时，考生应该明白重要信息将要出现。根据affordable可以得出答案C。

原文翻译：Actually, it was surprisingly affordable.

实际上，它的价格非常便宜。

Q15: Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?

答案：B

解析：通过选项可以提前得知问题大概是该女声想要做什么，因此重点关注相关信息，在文章最后的女声对话中，多次提到向男声学习。因此答案选B。

原文翻译：If you don’t mind, I’d like to pick your brain a bit more. Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience.

如果你不介意的话，我想再向你请教一下。约翰逊和我正在考虑翻修我们的客厅，而不是整栋房子，至少现在还不是。我们希望从你的经验中得到一些启发。

Section C

Passage 1

Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost £3m a year, a study suggests.(16) Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases - 95% of objects removed from noses and 85% from ears. Every year, an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose. Five to nine year olds come to the hospital with something in their ear the most.(17) Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.

According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity.(18) Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears.This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects. Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults. Batteries can pose a particular danger. In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.

Q16: What does England spend an annual £3m on?

答案：D

解析：短文需要关注听力的主题，它往往出现在文章开头。D选项是原文原词复现。

原文翻译：Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost £3m a year, a study suggests.

一项研究表明，从耳朵和鼻子上清除异物每年花费英国近300万英镑。

Q17: What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?

答案：C

解析：通过选项可以得知题目问的是孩子们会做什么，因此重点关注相关信息。C选项是原词复现。

原文翻译：Five to nine year olds come to the hospital with something in their ear the most.

五到九岁的孩子因为他们的耳朵里有东西而来医院的次数最多。

Q18: What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?

答案：D

解析： 短文需要关注听力中研究的结论和观点，因此听到According to the study时，需要注意相关信息。D选项出现同义替换curiosity。

原文翻译：According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity.

根据这项研究，儿童出现异物通常归因于好奇。

Passage Two

Good morning, I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle.(21) But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi.  She was so scared when she first moved to New Zealand that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle.(19) In weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.

To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars.(20)With a bike, you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So, if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at ReBicycle and make a difference in someone’s life.

Q19: What did ReBicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?

答案：B

解析：根据选项可以得知问题大概是it对于主人公做了什么，因此关注it的动作而不仅仅是主人公的动作。

原文翻译：At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle.

这时，ReBicycle参与进来，给了Leila一辆二手自行车。

Q20: What is ReBicycle doing to help those in need?

答案：A

解析：A选项是原文的原词复现。

原文翻译：To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars.

到目前为止，ReBicycle已经向有需要的人捐赠了200多辆自行车，而且随着需求的激增，该公司正在扩大骑车课程。

Q21: What do we learn from the passage about the ReBicycle?

答案：B

解析：该问题问的是文章主题，通过第一句话即可得出答案，而且通过文章中出现的donate、volunteer等词也可以推断出这是一家慈善机构。

原文翻译：Good morning, I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle.(21)

早上好，我想跟大家谈谈我的慈善机构ReBicycle。

Passage 3

Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice(22). The results are both interesting and humorous.

The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. (23)However, it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.

That’s when things really get wild. The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls. (24) 

The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. (25)

Q22 What do NASA scientists want to learn about?

答案：D

解析：根据选项可以得知问的是文章主题，而且根据前面but NASA scientists want to learn more的信号词but可以得知后面会出现重要信息。而后面提到关键词gravity和mice，因此答案选D。

原文翻译：To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice.

为此，他们一直在研究其他物种是如何应对低重力环境的，特别是在老鼠身上。

Q23 What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?

答案：A

解析：根据选项可以得知问的是老鼠没能做到某件事情，因此听到uncomfortable的时候应该知道答案快要出现。根据后文可以总结推断出A选项。

原文翻译：As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success.

正如你在视频中注意到的那样，在实验的开始，老鼠们显然不太舒服。它们笨拙地四处走动，在狭小的笼子里飘忽不定，尽力想弄清楚哪条路是向上的，但没有成功。

Q24 What was observed about the mice on the 11th day of the experiment?

答案：C

解析：根据选项可以得知问的是老鼠后来有什么改变，而且短文听力要注重观点和结论。因此听到11th day以及shows时，应该知道答案快要出现。根据后文的enjoying可以得出C选项felt at home。

原文翻译：The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.

实验的第11天显示，老鼠们不仅在应对重力变化，而且实际上似乎很享受这种变化。观察到有几只老鼠在笼子墙上跑来跑去。

Q25 What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment? 

答案：B

解析：短文听力要注重观点和结论，因此听到showed时候要注意答案出现。而且选项中B和D是互斥的两个选项，答案很有可能出现在两者之一。根据kept much of their routines intact可以得出答案B。

原文翻译：The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry.

研究表明，这些老鼠保持了大部分日常活动的完整，包括清洁自己和饥饿时进食。

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