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四级第一套选词填空解析
新东方郑州学校 陈梦霖
【试题】
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from _26_ praise as much as we’d like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a _27_ effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise _28_, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be _29_ with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of _30_ their parents.”
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the _31_. It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the _32_ of praise we ‘re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to _33_ between “person praise” and “process raise”. “Person praise is _34_ saying how great someone is. It’s a form personal approval. Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just _35_. Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.
A. choose
B. constant
C. disappointing
D. distinguish
E. exhausting
F. experienced
G. negative
H. outcome
I. pattern
J. plural
K. repeatedly
L. rewarded
M. separately
N. simply
O. undertaken
【答案】
26. B constant
27. G negative
28. K repeatedly
29. L rewarded
30. C disappointing
31. H outcome
32. I pattern
33. D distinguish
34. N simply
35. O undertaken
【解析】
选词填空的解题步骤包括:
(1)选项归类:把15个选项归入名词、动词、形容词、副词四个大类。历年考题都考查这四种词性,没有例外。
(2)精读首句:首句(甚至第二句)不设空,表达文章主旨,精读首句后可以了解文章大意和内容走向。
(3)判断考点+对比选词:根据每个空的前后设置,判断该空可能填入的词性;然后从归好类的选项中选取意思最合适的填入其中即可。
解题过程:
第一步:选项归类
动词:A. choose / C. disappointing / D. distinguish / E. exhausting / F. experienced / L. rewarded / O. undertaken
名词:H. outcome / I. pattern
形容词:B. constant / C. disappointing / E. exhausting / F. experienced / G. negative / J. plural
副词:K. repeatedly / M. separately / N. simply
注意:其中 C. disappointing,E. exhausting和F. experienced是非谓语动词形式,同时具备动词和形容词属性;B. constant和J. plural同时是名词和形容词,但是名词的含义(constant常数;plural名词复数)并不常用,可以忽略。
第二步:精读首句
When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise? 本句大意是:当我儿子完成一项任务时,我忍不住要表扬他。在应该表扬的地方表扬是很自然的,对吧?但是,有没有太多的表扬呢?
出题人已经很大方地给出了3句话,反复出现“praise表扬”,暗示了话题;在But后提出问题:表扬会不会太多?说明文章会围绕“太多表扬”展开。按照真题的惯例,可预测这篇很可能也是一篇心理学类的科普文章,引用专家的研究成果来阐述“太多表扬”给儿童造成的心理和行为影响。
第三步:判断考点+对比选词
26题:According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from _26_ praise as much as we’d like to think.
判断考点需要“瞻前顾后”,即看看空格前后的词,从而判断空格需要填入什么单词。26题后是praise(名词),前是from(介词),说明from ... praise是一个介词词组,空格需要填入形容词来修饰praise,并且意思要搭配praise。形容词包括:B. constant(重复的) / C. disappointing(令人失望的) / E. exhausting(使人精疲力尽的) / F. experienced (有经验的)/ G. negative(消极的) / J. plural(复数的),其中B. constant(重复的、不断的)能衔接上文“太多表扬”,因此正确答案是【B. constant】。
27题:“Parents often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a _27_ effect,” says Phillip.
从前后搭配来看,空格处需要填形容词。形容词比较多,还要结合句子意思才能选择。本句开头有转折逻辑词however,说明前后意思相反(转折前后意思相反,是所有阅读题的规律)。However前表示:表扬能帮孩子建立自信,所以however后的转折一定会说表扬的坏处。我们观察形容词,会发现C. disappointing(令人失望的) / E. exhausting(使人精疲力尽的) / G. negative(消极的)都有消极含义。其中适用于讨论表扬,而且能修饰effect(效果)的仅有G. negative(消极的),因此正确答案是【G. negative】。C. disappointing和 E. exhausting也是消极含义,但是前后文并没有暗示相关意思。
28题:“When we use the same praise _28_, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child.
把前半句读完,会发现when we use the same praise这句话什么都不缺,28空应该填一个副词。副词有三个选项可选K. repeatedly(重复地) / M. separately(分别地) / N. simply(仅仅)。这里句子意思是说“我们使用同一个表扬”。即使不看后面的部分,也能看出家长在说些一成不变的话,语言不断重复。因此选择【K. repeatedly】选项。
29题:It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be _29_ with praise.
本题难度较大。空格在be动词后,可以填形容词,构成“主系表”结构;也有可能填动词的过去分词(done)形式,构成被动(be done)。考虑到主语是“孩子做的事情”,后者可能性更大。句子意思是“一件事儿变成了一种期望,即任何孩子做的事儿都必须_____表扬。”,我们把可能选的动词和形容词依次代入:F. experienced(经历) / L. rewarded(奖励) / O. undertaken(承担)/ B. constant(重复的) / C. disappointing(令人失望的) / E. exhausting(使人精疲力尽的) / F. experienced (有经验的)/ G. negative(消极的) / J. plural(复数的)。最符合逻辑的意思是:孩子做事,大人必须用表扬作为奖励。因此答案选【L. rewarded】
30题:This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of _30_ their parents.”
本题难度不大。空格在介词of后面,可能填名词或doing。在看空格后,已经有名词短语了,因此空格填doing形式,和their parents一起构成动宾短语。选项C. disappointing(令人失望) / E. exhausting(使人精疲力尽)似乎都有道理。但是考虑到全文主旨关于“表扬”,孩子们通常希望得到表扬,不希望父母失望,因此答案选【C. disappointing】最合适。
31题:“The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the _31_.
空格在冠词the后面,因此填名词,可选项有H. outcome(结果) / I. pattern(模式) 。接着根据意思判断选项,上文出现了表示对比关系的rather than(是...而不是...),说明空格里的词和process意思正好相反,因此选择【H. outcome】。类似的对比关系词还有instead of 和unlike。
32题:So how do we break the _32_ of praise we’re all so accustomed to?
本空在of前面,冠词the后面,说明一定填的是名词。遇到A of B结构,同学们一定要意识到of前和of后都是名词或名词短语。结合句子意思“我们如何打破表扬的模式”,空格填入【I. pattern】“模式”最合适。
33题:Phillip says it’s important to _33_ between “person praise” and “process praise”.
本空位于to后面,可以填入动词原形或名词,考虑到后有介词between,更适合跟动词搭配。所以这里考虑A. choose(选择)和D. distinguish(区分)。这里同学们可能很纠结, “(选择 / 区分)表扬个人和表扬过程很重要”都是通顺的,两个选择似乎都可以。这时候千万不要着急,更不要抱着“赌一把”的心态随便写。我们可以把两个选项都写上,看完后面的内容再选择。我们读到末句“ ‘Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,’ says Phillip.”会发现:person praise会让孩子们害怕失败,专家并不赞成在两者之间任意选择,而是希望人们区分,然后只做 “process praise”。因此答案选【D. distinguish】
34题:“Person praise is _34_ saying how great someone is.
考虑空格前后是is和saying,空格处不需要填入任何词也能构成顺畅的句子,所以空格处应填入副词。有K. repeatedly / M. separately / N. simply可以考虑。根据意思,填入N. simply(仅仅),构成“表扬个人仅仅是说他/她多棒”的意思比较顺畅,而K和M的意思都不合适,因此正确答案是【N. simply】
35题:Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just _35_.
本题难度较大。空格前方the efforts (which/that) the person has just _35_. 看似是从the person 开始了一个新的句子,实际上是省略引导词which / that的定语从句,修饰efforts。根据定语从句的结构:引导词which / that后不完整。可以判断has后需要填入动词的过去分词(done)形式,构成现在完成时(have / has done)。可以选的词包括F. experienced(经历) / L. rewarded(奖赏) / O. undertaken(承担)。考虑句子意思,“承担”和“efforts努力”更搭配。所以正确答案是【O. undertaken】
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