一、强调句的定义
强调句是一种用于突出句子中某个成分(主语、宾语、状语等)的句式。通过强调,可以使句子的某个部分更加突出,从而引起读者或听者的注意。
二、强调句的基本结构
1. It is/was...that/who...
这是最常见的强调句结构,用于强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或宾语补足语。其基本结构如下:
强调主语:
It is/was + 主语 + that/who + 其他部分
例句:
It is John who/that broke the window.(是约翰打破了窗户。)
强调宾语:
It is/was + 宾语 + that/who + 其他部分
例句:
It is this book that/which I bought yesterday.(我昨天买的书就是这一本。)
强调状语:
It is/was + 状语 + that + 其他部分
例句:
It was in the library that I found the book.(我是在图书馆找到这本书的。)
强调方式状语:
It is/was + 方式状语 + that + 其他部分
例句:
It is by working hard that we can succeed.(只有努力工作,我们才能成功。)
2. 强调句的疑问形式
强调句也可以用于疑问句,结构为:
Is/Was it + 强调部分 + that...?
例句:
Is it John who broke the window?(是约翰打破了窗户吗?)
Was it in the library that you found the book?(你是在图书馆找到这本书的吗?)
3. 强调句的否定形式
强调句的否定形式在句子中加入“not”,结构为:
It is/was not...that...
例句:
It is not John who broke the window.(不是约翰打破了窗户。)
It was not in the library that I found the book.(我并不是在图书馆找到这本书的。)
三、强调句与其他句式的区别
1. 与倒装句的区别
强调句和倒装句都可能改变句子的语序,但强调句的核心是突出某个成分,而倒装句则用于调整语序以符合语法要求或增强语气。
例句对比:
强调句:It was in the library that I found the book.(我是在图书馆找到这本书的。)
倒装句:In the library, I found the book.(我在图书馆找到了这本书。)
2. 与定语从句的区别
强调句中的“that”没有实际意义,仅用于引导被强调的部分;而定语从句中的“that”是关系代词,指代先行词并充当从句中的成分。
例句对比:
强调句:It was the book that I found in the library.(我找到的书就是这一本。)
定语从句:The book that I found in the library is very interesting.(我在图书馆找到的那本书很有趣。)
四、强调句的练习
It was not until he arrived home ________ realized he had lost his keys.
A. that he
B. he
C. when he
D. when
答案:A(强调句的否定形式,强调“not until...”结构。)
Is it in this classroom ________ we had the meeting yesterday?
A. that
B. where
C. when
D. which
答案:A(强调句的疑问形式,强调地点状语。)
It is you ________ I have been looking for.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
答案:C(强调句,强调宾语。)
It was not until he saw the result ________ he realized his mistake.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. what
答案:A(强调句的否定形式,强调“not until...”结构。)
It is by working hard ________ we can succeed.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
答案:A(强调句,强调方式状语。)
五、总结
强调句是一种重要的句式,通过改变句子结构来突出某个成分。掌握强调句的基本结构(It is/was...that/who...),以及其在疑问句和否定句中的用法,可以帮助你更清晰地表达重点。同时,注意区分强调句与倒装句、定语从句等其他句式的区别。希望这篇文章能帮助你更好地理解和运用强调句。