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1. 名词后缀
1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor
2) -acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3) -ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4) -ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5) -bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6) -dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7) –age: package, shortage, marriage
8) –ant: assistant, accountant, inhabitant
9) -hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
10) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
11) -ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
12) -ty, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, loyalty, identity
13) -ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
14) -ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
15) –cy: bankruptcy, literacy, democracy
16) -ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
17) -th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
18) -tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
19) -ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
20) -grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
21) -ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
22) -ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
23) -nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1) -able, -ible: visible, flexible
2) 名词-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish
(注意accomplish, vanish)
3) –ive: active, sensitive, productive
4) –like: manlike, childlike
5) 名词-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6) –ory: satisfactory, illusory
7) –ic: realistic, specific, poetic, energetic
8) –ical: physical, classical, economical
9) –some: troublesome, handsome
10) –ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
11) –ous: dangerous, generous, courageous,
12) –ent: violent
13) –most: foremost, topmost
14) -less: 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
15) –al: personal, internal, critical, accidental,
16) –ary: necessary, primary, secondary
17) –ious: religious, furious, precious
18) –y: dirty, healthy, rainy, thirsty, sunny
3. 动词后缀
1) -ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“: modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2) -en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” : quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3) -fy, 表示“使……化, 使成” : beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4) -ish, 表示"使,令”: finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5) -ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” : separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly严重地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise:clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-ward(s):out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
(责任编辑:田学江)