练习3

　　句8：同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。

　　“从自身做起”译为：start from ourselves.

　　译：We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.

　　White pollution refers to plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them, what would happen? One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.

　　练习4

　　唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度(civil service examinations)在全国选出优秀的儒家文人(Confucian literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。

　　难点注释

　　句1、2：唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。

　　第一、二句在翻译时可以整合为一句，其中“唐朝的首都在长安”可以翻译为定语从句来表示。“被…认为是…”可以译为be regarded by …as…; “最辉煌的时期”即为鼎盛时期，可译为a high point.

　　Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization.

　　句3：在与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。

　　“与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中，在他们的促进下”可采用合译法，即Stimulated by the contact with…Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields.

　　句4：唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。

　　译：The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.

　　句5：唐朝通过科举制度(civil service examinations)在全国选出优秀的儒家文人(Confucian literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。

　　此句结构较为复杂，翻译时，首先理清句子主干：唐朝的政府体系日臻完善。前半句可以处理成一个非谓语动词做原因状语的形式，即Served by…, serve 本意为“服务”，也可作“效力”讲，与逻辑主语the government system of Tang Dynasty是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式;而其中再嵌套一个后置定语selected through…来修饰Confucian literati;“在……的支持下”译为under the support of…。

　　Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic.

　　句6：公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。

　　译：By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

　　Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization. Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields. The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art. Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

(责任编辑：田学江)