1. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)

　　【译文】人落水时，救生衣能否在正确的位置支撑起落水者十分重要，同样重要的是，即使是在人没有力气或是在陷入昏迷的情况下，救生衣也能使面朝下的落水者在水中站起来，或是身体稍微向后仰，使脸离开水面。

　　【析句】整句话的主干是The position is most important,as is its tendency to...即由主句和as引导的非限制性定语从句组成。具体看来，主句the position后是介词+which引导的定语从句，position在定语从句中作in的宾语，因此把in提前到which前。in which定语从句中又有who引导的定语从句修饰a person。as引导的非限制性定语从句中，to turn the wearer from...to...是不定式短语作定语修饰its tendency，with his face clear of the water作伴随状语，最后是when引导的时间状语从句。

　　2. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)

　　【译文】合身的救生衣任何时候，无论在不在水中，都应该让穿着者感到舒服，既不会十分笨重，让人在船只遇险时不得不脱下救生衣求生，也不应限制落水者游泳自救的灵活性。

　　【析句】复合句。主句A suitable life perserver should be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water作地点状语，not so heavy as to encourage...，nor so burdensome是形容词作伴随，包含句型not...，nor...;while the ship is in danger作时间状语从句，而nor后包含短语so...that...。

　　3. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. (1991. 阅读. Text 2)

　　【译文】这种假设是基于这样一种谬论：人的天性中就存在遗传惰性。而事实上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日，无所用心。

　　【析句】句子主干是This assumption rests on……;aside from……，there would be very few who would……，and who would……。分号连接两个并列分句。在第二个分句中，介问短语aside from abnormally(特别地)lazy people作状语，主句是一个there be存在句，包含两个并列的由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰few.Rest on在此意为“依据”。aside from相当于“except”，译为“除了”。

(责任编辑：田学江)