2017年6月英语四级语法20天冲关快训：第十四天
英语四级语法考察的内容并不是很多，新东方网英语四级频道将用20天为考生们在考前冲刺期间捋顺英语四级要求的语法知识，请大家注意每天认真复习。
独立主格结构，是由“名词或代词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种独立结构。在该结构中，名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。在句中作状语，表示 “时间、条件、原因、伴随，方式或结果” 等含义。其位置比较灵活，放于句首句末均可。
1. 名词(代词)+ 现在分词
The clock striking twelve, I went to bed. (表原因)
These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them. (表原因)
2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词
He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast. (表伴随)
Enough time given, she will surely do the job better. (表条件)
3. 名词(代词)+ 不定式
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. (表伴随)
He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food. (表方式)
4. 名词(代词)+ 形容词短语
Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away. (表原因)
I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky. (表结果)
5. 名词(代词)+ 介词短语
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand. (表方式)
Child in arms, a few women stood there chatting. (表方式)
6. 名词(代词)+ 副词短语
Summer over, the students returned to school. (表原因)
7. 名词(代词)+ 名词短语
His first shot a failure, Tom fired again. (表原因)
8. with复合结构
“with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。现把“with复合结构”的各种情况作一总结。
(1) with + 宾语 + 形容词
The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. (表伴随)
(2) with + 宾语 + 介词短语
The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. (表方式)
(3) with + 宾语 + 副词
The proud girl walked away with her head up. (表方式)
(4) with + 宾语 + 现在分词
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. (表原因)
(5) with + 宾语 + 过去分词
If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. (表方式)
(6) with + 宾语 + 不定式
With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. (表原因)
一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况;若放在句首，则多表示“原因”或“条件”，例如：
With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤单。
With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因为向导带路，我没怎么费事就找到了他们的村子。
【特别提示】从上面的各种例句中可以看出，独立主格结构本身不是一个完整的句子，它实际上是一个含有逻辑主语的某种短语，用来修饰其它一个句子的。
1. 独立主格结构的转换
独立主格结构可以根据其语法作用，进行句式转换。例如：The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
①转换为状语从句：When the clock was striking twelve, I went to bed.
②也可以转换成一个并列句：The clock stuck twelve and I went to bed.
2. 独立主格结构与冠词
在“名词+ 介词短语”独立主格结构中，如果逻辑主语和介词短语中的名词都是可数名词单数，这些名词前不要用冠词，目的为了更加简练。
He was standing over there, pipe in mouth.
Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushed to the top of the building.
但若与with连用，名词前则要加冠词或物主代词。如：
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, with a sword in his hand.
3. 独立主格结构中being 的省略
在下列句子中，being 可以省略，若不省略，则是现在分词短语。
Summer (being) over, the students returned to school.
His first shot (being) a failure, Tom fired again.
Her face (being) pale with anger, she rose to go away.
| 英语四级备考每周精选推荐：5月第四周 | ||||
| 模拟试卷 | 新东方2017.6英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案（5.25） | 英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案（5.24） | 2017年6月英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案 | |
| 作文 | 四级作文模板及范文汇总 | 四级作文万能句型八类 | 四级作文开头六大写法 | 四级作文万能开头句式汇总 |
| 四级作文常用的70个短语 | 四级看图作文万能模板 | 四级作文范文50篇 | 四级作文常用加分谚语 | |
| 听力 | 四级听力四大提分攻略 | 英语四级听力提高四个方法 | 四级听力篇章四类常考场景 | 四级听力长对话解题技巧 |
| 四级听力长对话解题窍门 | 四级听力裸考猜答案技巧 | 四级听力九大技巧汇总 | 四级听力常考十三类场景词汇 | |
| 阅读 | 四级阅读理解100篇精析汇总 | 四级阅读长篇阅读技巧 | 大学四级阅读技巧 | 英语四级阅读理解技巧 |
| 四级阅读选词填空三大解题技巧 | 四级阅读理解常用句型 | 四级阅读理解解题技巧 | 四级阅读裸考必知10点 | |
| 翻译 | 英语四级翻译每日一练汇总 | 英语四级翻译题库 | 大学四级翻译技巧 | 四级段落翻译技巧 |
| 四级翻译常用句型汇总 | 四级段落翻译练习汇总 | 英语四级翻译技巧十九个 | 定语从句四级翻译练习 | |
| 词汇 | 四级词汇高效记忆训练汇总 | 四级高频单词300个汇总 | 570个英语四级高频词汇下载 | 四级高频词汇584个汇总 |
| 四级高频词汇及例句汇总 | 四级活跃词汇1000个汇总 | 英语四级易混淆词汇整理 | 50个句子记完7000个单词 | |
| 语法 | 大学英语四级语法大全目录 | 英语四级语法点集锦 | 四级语法巩固练习100题 | 四级9种常用时态语法归纳 |
