不定式

　　不定式的全称是“动词不定式”，是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

　　1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).

　　2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

　　3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

　　4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

　　5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).

　　6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).

　　7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

　　8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).

　　9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).

　　10) The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).

　　参考答案

　　1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

　　考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面

　　2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

　　考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等

　　3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

　　考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等

　　4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

　　考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not

　　能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish

　　5) whether to visit their son in France

　　考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等

　　6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

　　考点：不定式作宾语补语

　　7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

　　考点：同上

　　(能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to)

　　8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

　　考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语

　　9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

　　考点：不定式作定语

　　不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,intention,need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等

　　10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

　　考点：同上