(1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时表示在过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。试比较:
The class had already begun when I came to school. 我来到学校时,已经开始上课。
He had gone home before I got to his office. 我到他办公室以前,他已回家了。
(2)有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时:
He called on me soon after he had returned. 他回来不久便拜访我。也可以说:He called on me soon after he returned.
The train had left before I got to the station. 我到车站时,火车已经开走了。也可以说:The train left before I got to the station。
(3)描述一连串的过去动作,无需用过去完成时,例如:
He stood up, took his bag, put on his hat, left the room and went away. 他站起来,拿起书包,戴上帽子,离开房间走了。
She looked around but saw nothing. 她环顾四周,但是什么也没有看见。
He came in and said hello to everyone. 他进来向每一个人问好。
由于汉语与英语表达时态的方式不同,中国人在学习和应用英语时经常犯时态错误,尤其是在写信、写电子邮件、写记叙文时。常见的时态错误类型有:时态不对应;通篇须用几种时态时用一种时态;时态混用或串用(如在描写过去的经历时,有时用现在时);不用进行时。我们如果在日常口头交际中犯点时态错误,这在所难免,也可以理解。但是,在正式场合,如正式写作中,就不能允许出现时态错误,因为这是英语语法的基础。我们学习时态的目的,主要在于应用。因此,在使用英语,尤其是在写作时,一定要有时态意识,长此以往就能养成正确使用时态的习惯。
(编辑:赵宁)