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　　2018年6月四级写作第一套试题解析

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking and how to develop it. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

　　Among all essential abilities a qualified college student is supposed to be equipped with, speaking is regarded as the most difficult but also the most important one and tends to be emphasized. It is widely accepted that professional speaking skills can indicate a person’s talent and pave the way toward success.

　　Undoubtedly, communication is the best way to bridge the gap between people and thus an eloquent person can better deliver his own ideas to

　　选词填空

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 .Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze(霾).Nor is the state’s bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .

　　All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 29 ,makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 .And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.

　　To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work” days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.

　　A) assisted I) inhabitants

　　B) collaborating J) innovation

　　C) consequence K) intended

　　D) consumers L) outdoor

　　E) creating M) pollutants

　　F) detail N) restricted

　　G) domestic O) sum

　　H) frequently

　　26 pollutants

　　本题前面是介词，所以相应地因该选择一个名词或动名词作为答案。范围因此被缩小为七个词，根据词义排除词义不符的选项选择pollutants。

　　27 restricted

　　本题是一个否定词汇前置引起的倒装句，考的还是一个被动表达 be restricted to 这个表达。

　　28 consequence

　　consequence表达的是负面的结果。上文说空气污染污染了居民的心肺，因此这个影响是一个不好的结果，as a consequence固定搭配。

　　29 innovation

　　“科技创新”固定表达technological innovation。

　　30 detail

　　“详细地“固定介词短语表达in detail。

　　31 intended

　　本题前方be动词，此处应该填一个形容词或者一个V-ed构成一个被动结构。经过对比几个V-ed和形容词，只有intended 的词义最符合上下文。Be intended to do sth.人们想用监察站来做…

　　32 outdoor

　　of 后面是air pollution 因此此处介词后面不缺名词，需要一个定语修饰“空气污染”，因此这里应该选择一个形容词。根据常识，监察站都是用来检测户外空去中污染物的情况的。因此本题选outdoor。

　　33 collaborating

　　本题考了一个时态。一般现在进行时强调一件事的持续。本题容易被判断成一个被动句，但是选被动的话后面的介词多用by。根据原文，题目前面是一公司，后面是Google，一个机构。根据上下文，这两者之间的关系应该是合作的关系，所以选collaborating。

　　34 inhabitants

　　题目前面是city‘s因此可本题选一个名词，题目后面是“被强迫使用汽车”。由此可知应该选择某类人，答案中关于人的表达只有inhabitants和consumers。consumers不符合上下文信息，所以选择inhabitants。

　　35 creating

　　creat lows 是“创新低”的固定表达，前面是一个介词，因此选择一个V-ing形式，creating。对于这个固定表达可能有同学不了解，这时候只能用排除法做题，排除不可能的，填上最符合语境的答案。

　　仔细阅读

　　46. Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?

　　A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.

　　B) They occur only among certain groups of people.

　　C) Not all of them are related to one’s age.

　　D) They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.

　　答案：A. Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.

　　首先画出题干定位词“memory slips” 定位到原文第一段第三句话，可知memory slips和dementia是有区别的，因此选A.Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.

　　47. What happens as we become aged according to the passage?

　　A) Our interaction skills deteriorate.

　　B) Some parts of our brain stop functioning.

　　C) Communication within our brain weakens.

　　D) Our whole brain starts shrinking.

　　答案：C. Communication within our brain weakens.画出题干定位词aged，定位到第三段的第一句话中的“ages”第三句出现了答案C中的Communication和brain得知衰老影响大脑中不同区域的交流。

　　48. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?

　　A) Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines.

　　B) Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences.

　　C) Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.

　　D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends.

　　答案：B.Inability to recall details of one’s life experience.

　　本题没有定位词，题干“memory-related symptom”是原文第四段第一个词“Forgetting”的同意义替换而C是一个干扰项，原文虽然出现了该内容，但是后面说了是“nothing to worry about”。因此C选项是与题目相反的答案。第五段的第一句的“experiences”与选项中的“life experiences”一致，第一句后面的“serious”是题干“seriously”的定位词。因此选B。

　　49. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?

　　A) Check the brain’s cognitive reserve.

　　B) Stop medications affecting memory.

　　C) Turn to a professional for assistance.

　　D) Exercise to improve their well-being.

　　答案：C.Turn to a professional for assistance.

　　50. What is Dr Daffner’s advice for combating memory loss?

　　A) Having regular physical and mental checkups.

　　B) Taking medicine that helps boost one’s brain.

　　C) Engaging in known memory repair activities.

　　D) Staying active both physically and mentally.

　　答案：D.Staying active both physically and mentally

　　通过题干中的“memory loss”定位到原文倒数第二段的最后一句话。接着读到倒数第一段，中的“Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think”和最后一句“. And also get physically active”因此选择D。

　　others and get others’ information effectively. Concrete evidence can be seen from a world-renowned host named Oprah Winfrey whose eloquence wins admiration from audiences all over the world. Moreover, speaking in an appropriate way can also help avoid hurting others’ feelings. There is no one willing to talk with a person whose remarks are always offensive.

　　Therefore, speaking deserves ever-lasting attention and it is necessary for everyone to develop the essential ability. To begin with, listening to some speeches delivered by celebrities can help develop the speaking logic and keep pace with current events. Besides, instead of isolating yourself, you are supposed to talk about something you are interested in with friends, family members and teachers. In the process of communication, confidence of speaking can be cultivated and at the same time the circle of friendship can be broadened.

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