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　　以下内容是2018年12月英语四级阅读真题整体评述解析供各位考生参考！新东方网四六级频道第一时间更新公布英语四六级真题答案。同时广大考生还可随时@新东方网四六级微博及新东方网四六级微信xdfcet46，与线上老师以及考生随时互动答疑，敬请广大考生密切关注2018年12月英语四六级真题解析专题。 

　　想知道新东方老师如何点评12月考试→_→猛戳

　　【整体评述】：

　　紧张的四级考试已经结束，总体来看，今年的四级阅读难度适中。首先一起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。总的来说，解题技巧和方法仍然是课堂上反复跟大家强调的，用我们上课讲到的解题步骤很快能得到正确答案。首先第一步判断选项词性。今年名词考2个，动词考5个，形容词考1个，副词2个。如此一来，我们很快把可选择项缩小大最少，最少的情况是1选1，另外，请注意，名词通过单复数，动词通过时态和非谓语动词还可以进一步缩小范围。

　　段落信息匹配部分，题干也基本能够从原文中找到原词重现，需要同学们能够巧妙地运用跳读，扫读，详读和略读相结合的方法，一一攻克，且注意，此题型不可用排除法，并且应该按照先易后难的原则进行解题。传统阅读两篇难度相对不大，选项设置了部分干扰项，另一部分可直接排除，考察的内容定位都比较清晰，题干中出现的词很多都可以从文章中找到，也不难去进行同义替换，小部分需要推理，整体难度适中，同学们只要按照老师讲解的正确的解题方法以及阅读方法，平时多积累单词，多进行练习，考试时遇到类似的难度，也会轻而易举的把它拿下。

　　现在我们就本套试卷简单地给大家做一个解析。

　　选词填空-第一篇

　　Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs，with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

　　The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution，which includes 28 like home heating and cooking，has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action” . “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe，over which individuals have little 31，”he said.

　　The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world，where in some places lost labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

　　But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.as a result of related ailments. In many European countries，where diesel 35 have become more common in recent years，that number reaches in the tens of thousands.

　　答案：

　　26. F damage

　　27. B associated

　　28. M sources

　　29. D constant

　　30. G described

　　31. E control

　　32. H equals

　　33. K regularly

　　34. I exclusively

　　35. O vehicles

　　解析：

　　26. F damage 空格处在with复合结构中，空格前为形容词serious，可判断空格缺少名词，前半句讲空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，故可知空格处填damage，对发展中国家造成最大的伤害。

　　27. B associated 空格后面为介词with，可考虑固定搭配，又因为The figures include a number of costs结构不缺，故可以考虑空格后为后置定语修饰costs，排除选项可知选择associated，associated with和……有联系为固定搭配，原文意思是“这个数字包括了与空气污染相关的很多花费”。

　　28. M sources 空格处在一个定语从句中，故可判断缺少宾语，为名词，而根据like home heating and cooking居家取暖和烹饪，可推出答案为sources来源，其余名词可排除。

　　29. D constant 空格前的remained为系动词，故可推断空格缺少一个形容词，根据句意 has remained 29 over the past several decades可知，居家取暖和烹饪这样的室内污染在过去的数十年仍在继续，故答案为constant，其余可排除。

　　30. G described 根据空格处的这句话Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an "urgent call to action.” 可推出空格处缺少谓语动词，且时态为过去时并可以和as搭配，把选项往里带可判断答案为described，describe…as把……描述为。

　　31. E control根据 over which individuals have little 31 可判断此处定语从句中缺少能被little修饰的宾语，并可以构成have little over sth，带入选项可知，答案为control，“过早死亡的危险因素之一就是我们呼吸的空气，个人对其几乎没有控制权”。

　　32. H equals 空格在一个定语从句中，根据 lost labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP可判断缺少谓语动词，并且和数字有关，句意“空气污染对发展中国家最为严重，在一些地方，劳动收入的损失相当于GDP的近1%”，故选equals。

　　33. K regularly 根据空格处where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution判断不缺少成分，故考虑可以修饰动词experience的副词，句意“在低收入和中等收入国家，大约9到10人生活在经常遭受室外空气污染的地方”，故选regularly。

　　34. I exclusively 空格处不缺少成分，故考虑副词，But the problem is not limited 34 exclusively to the developing world. 句意为“这个问题并仅仅不局限于发展中国家”，把选项带入，故exclusively合适。

　　35. O vehicles 空格处是一个定语从句where diesel 35 have become more common in recent years，分析句子结构可知，缺少一个可以和diesel搭配的名词，又因为动词have 唯美复数，故该名词为复数名词，句意为“柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍”, 将选项带入只有vehicles机动车合适，故选O vehicles。

　　选词填空-第二篇

　　26. I remedies

　　27. D inconvenience

　　28. H recommended

　　29. C hesitant

　　30. 0 worse

　　31. B experiences

　　32. J scared

　　33. M pressured

　　34. L sink

　　35. E lessen

　　选词填空-第三篇

　　26. I warning

　　27. B convenience

　　28. F particularly

　　29. L surveyed

　　30. C effectively

　　31. E intimate

　　32. J unfriendly

　　33. K specific

　　34. G primary

　　35. A avoid

　　匹配-第一套：

　　Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

　　[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

　　[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

　　[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

　　[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

　　[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

　　[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

　　[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

　　[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.