请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
秦始皇是中国历史上杰出的政治家、军事家。公元前221年,他统一中国,建立了历史上第一个统一的、多民族的、高度中央集权的(highly centralized)国家—秦朝,并成为中国第一个皇帝,自称“始皇帝"。为加强统治,他实施了一系列的改革,如统一文字,修筑长城以抵御外敌。同时,秦始皇也采取了许多残忍的手段,例如烧毁了许多经典书籍并坑杀儒生(Confucius scholar)等等。尽管他的统治残暴(tyranny),但是他仍被很多人认为是中国历史上一个关键人物。
参考翻译:
Qin Shi Huang was an outstanding statesman andstrategist in the history of China. In 221 BC heunified the nation, founded Qin Dynasty—the firstunited, multi-national and highly centralized country,and named himself "Shi Huangdi", the first emperorof China. In order to strengthen his rule, he implemented a series of reforms, includingunifying Chinese characters, building the Great Wall to defend against invaders. At the sametime, Qin Shi Huang employed many brutal means, such as burning many classics andburying many Confucius scholars alive. Despite his tyranny, he is still valued by many peopleas a key figure in Chinese history.
1.第二句话的主语是“他”,三个谓语可对应译为并列结构unified..., founded... and named himself...。“第一个皇帝(the first emperor of China)”处理为“始皇帝”的同位语。
2.第三句的主干为“实施了一系列的改革”后面列举的具体改革内容可用译为including...;“为加强统治”可译为in orderto...,作目的状语置于句首。
3.“同时,秦始皇也采取了许多残忍的手段,例如…”一句的举例部分可以使用such as后跟动名词的形式来翻译,使句式更简洁,即 such as burning... and burying alive...。
4.最后一句话是复合句,“尽管他的统治残暴”使用“despite+名词”的结构来表达,“他仍被认为是…”处理为主句。主句的主干是“他被认为是关键历史人物”,长长的定语“两千年来使中国保持统一的”使用who引导的定语从句来表达。