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　　2020年7月四级第一套听力解析

　　新东方长春大学社学习与发展中心 陆颜铭

　　Section A News Item 1

　　A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that [1] reveal the effects of pollution from ships. One of the photos shows the thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of North Atlantic cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars. [1] NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic blow. when ships power their ways through the ocean, they pump exhausts into the atmosphere, just as cars do. And those massive amounts of particles can cause clouds to form. Get enough of those particles in one place, as from the exhausts of the ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space, these clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometers from end to end, NASA officials said. [2] It’s likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect over global climate, according to NASA officials. But scientists are not yet sure what effects it has.

　　本篇新闻的主要内容是美国航天局的人造卫星拍下了揭露船只污染的照片。通过照片，可以看出在船只往来的地方会出现厚重的云层，这是由于船只在行驶中的废气排放逐渐聚集成云层。美国航天局方宣称这种污染云可能对全球气候有影响。

　　Q1: What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by a NASA satellite?

　　答案：【B】ship traffic in the Atlantic.

　　第1题没有考察新闻常见的主旨题，而是考察原因。问题是什么造成了照片中厚重的云层?关于云层的成因，文中提到了两次：一次是新闻第一句话effects of pollution from ships以及文中的ship traffic，都明确指向是船只造成的污染。

　　Q2: What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?

　　答案：【C】They may be affecting the world’s climate.

　　第1题在考过原因之后，第2题考察的是结果或影响。在新闻中，官方人士的发言会伴随着考点出现，因此，在新闻的结尾，NASA的官方说these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate，表示此类云层可能会影响全球气候。正确选项中简单将global climate转换成选项的world’s climate。

　　Section A News Item 2

　　Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. [3] More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents, including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife. "A security worker had guarded the store each night from 7pm until 12am, but that had stopped suddenly on Monday,” employees said. One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work. [4] However, the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents, "We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases, we have seen bad behavior, we have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store."

　　本篇新闻的主要内容是墨尔本的某家郊区超市的保安岗位被撤销，该超市的工作人员表示没有保安他们感到自己的工作不安全。他们在工作中，常常会遭受来自于顾客的身体攻击以及言语辱骂，甚至有顾客威胁要用刀袭击超市主管，因此他们联名请求永久保安。超市方表示这种顾客行为其实非常罕见，他们会采取强硬举措去处理此类事件，包括禁止顾客入店。

　　Q3: For what purpose, did the staff at the supermarket in Melbourne sign a letter?

　　答案：【D】To call for a permanent security guard.

　　解析：本题答案与原文试听一致，原词对应。问题是超市员工签联名信的目的是什么? 正确答案的出题点伴随着50 workers这个数字出现，当听力文章中出现数字往往紧跟着会出现同义转换的内容，本题甚至没有转换，直接听到D选项原词作答即可。联名信的目的是要求永久保安。

　　Q4: What did the spokesman of the supermarket say, regarding the employees' demand?

　　答案：【C】It had already taken strong action.

　　解析：第4题考察点与第2题非常类似，都是在新闻中引入了第三方的话术，并问他们说了什么。问题是针对员工的需求，超市的发言人是怎么说的?答案是经典的转折词后是重点，在However之后，答案与原文试听一致，对应原词the store had taken strong action。此处需要注意的是针对员工申请安保的需求，超市方并没有正面进行回应，因此答案与上文的内容无关，不要妄加推论。

　　Section A News Item 3

　　[5] Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle, tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway. [6] A track carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lames. The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly hardening chocolate which quickly covered the width of the road. While the drives was taken to hospital with the broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported 12 tons of solid chocolate from the road. A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that [7] removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow. After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighter resorted to spraying hot, pressurized ice water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the clean-up spanned more than a mile because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the clean-up were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about 12 tons of chocolate?

　　新闻三是一篇社会新闻，在通往波兰首都华沙的路上，出现了不同寻常的道路障碍物：成吨的液体巧克力洒满了高速公路。究其原因是，一辆满载糖果的卡车撞上了路障并翻车，堵住了两条车道。该卡车司机的手臂受伤并被送往医院，随后，消防员赶到现场处理巧克力路面，在联络了巧克力制造商后，他们通过喷射高温热水来除掉路面的粘性物。

　　Q5: What did drivers on the motorway to Warsaw find?

　　答案: 【A】The road was blocked.

　　解析：第5题设置的考点是新闻标志化的主旨题，答案直接出现在第一句。问题是高速路上的司机发现了什么?直接听第一句话的内容进行试听一致的选择，found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle，发现道路被堵住了。

　　Q6: What does the report say about the accident?

　　答案：【A】A truck hit a barrier and overturned.

　　解析：第6题的问题非常模糊，问的是关于这场事故的报道是怎么说的?答案并不难，直接在新闻第二句话给出了原词A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned，卡车撞上了路障翻车了，直接和选项对应。本道题最大的难点，也是近几年听力非常喜欢设置的考点：上下句分别对应两道题的答案，不设置同义转换，但是考生一旦在第5题耽搁时间久一点，第6题答案就直接错过了。

　　Q7: What did the representative for the firefighters say?(本道题无问题音频，根据答案推导)

　　答案：【B】It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.

　　解析：第7题是标准的理解型题目，要通过原文的意思做引申，出题点和2、4题相似，同样是官方人士的发言。消防员方表示removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow，即处理这些巧克力很困难，句子并不难理解，但是做答案的选项并没有直接给出chocolate这个词，而是用上下文提到的spilled洒出的、substance物质替代了原文中的chocolate，做同义转换。