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四级阅读Section A 试卷解析

大连中心 涂翰林

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

【阅读原文】

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?

According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from _26_ praise as much as we’d like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a _27_ effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise _28_, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be _29_ with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of _30_ their parents.”

Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the _31_. it is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”

So how do we break the _32_ of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to _33_ between “person praise” and “process praise”. “Person praise is _34_ saying how great someone is. It’s a form personal approval. Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just _35_. Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.

choose

constant

disappointing

distinguish

exhausting

experienced

negative

outcome

pattern

plural

repeatedly

rewarded

separately

simply

undertaken

【答案及解析】

26. B

【解析】 原文中“from _26_ praise”，该空前为介词from，介词后应接名词，而该空后已有名词praise，因而可以判定缺少一个形容词。根据因为后面提到经常often表扬，所以这里填写constant意为“持续的”表扬，前后逻辑保持一致，该空应填 【constant：持续的、不断的】，“children don’t benefit from constant praise as much as we’d like to think.（孩子们并不会像我们想象的那样从不断的表扬中获益）”。

27. G

【解析】原文中 “a_27_effect”，该空前为冠词a，冠词后应接名词，但该空后已有名词 effect, 因此可以判断此处缺少一个形容词。根据语义However表明该句和前一句感情色彩相反，前一句提及“父母认为表扬可以建立孩子的自信心”，和前面一句感情色彩相反 negative“负面的”。该空应填 【negative：负面的】，“However, over-praising can have a negative effect. （然而，过度表扬会带来负面效果）”。

28. K

【解析】“When we use the same praise_28_,”通过分析可发现如果删掉28空，逗号前句子成分完整，因此可以判定，该空应填一个副词。根据语义“怎么”使用同样的表扬，孩子会不再重视它，结合前文，指的是“重复地”使用相同的表扬该空应填【repeatedly：重复地、反复地】，“When we use the same praise repeatedly, （当我们反复使用同样的表扬）”。

29. L

【解析】“anything they do must be _29_ with praise”改句主干即为 “any thing … must be _29_ with praise”可以判断缺少一个动词过去式表示被动。根据语义，该空应填【rewarded ，原形是reward ：回报，奖励】“anything they do must be rewarded with praise（他们做的任何事都必须得到表扬）”。

30. C

【解析】“fear of _30_ their parents.” 该空前为介词of，介词后应接名词，而该空后已有名词parents, 且该名词有限定词their 修饰，因此该空应该填一个动名词与their parents 共同构成名词短语接在介词of 后面。根据语义，该空应填 【disappointing ，原形disappoint：使…失望】，“fear of disappointing their parents.（害怕让自己的父母失望）”。

31. H

【解析】该空为句子最后一个词，前面有冠词 the，因此可知应填名词。根据语义，应填【outcome：结果】，“The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the outcome. （要实现健康的表扬，关键是关注过程而不是结果）”

32. I

【解析】“the _32_ of praise”该空前为冠词the, 后面为介词 of， 因此应填一个名词表示“praise的… ”。根据语义，该空应填【pattern：模式】“So how do we break the pattern of praise we’re all so accustomed to（那么，我们如何打破我们都习惯的表扬模式呢）”

33. D

【解析】“it is important to _33_ between”该空前为to，后面为介词 between，可知应填一个动词原型，构成动词不定式。根据语义，应选【distinguish：区分】“Phillip says it’s important to distinguish between “person praise” and “process praise”（菲利普说，区分“个人表扬”和“过程表扬”很重要）”。

34. N

【解析】“Person praise is _34_ saying how great someone is.”通过分析，原句如果删除34空，句子成分完整，因此可以判定应填一个副词。根据语义空格处是对personal praise的评价，根据前文，作者认为个人表扬不如process praise过程表扬，且空格处应填写副词，选simply构成个人表扬“仅仅”是这个人有多么好，符合语境，【simply：仅仅只不过、单纯地】合适，“Person praise is simply saying how great someone is.（个人表扬仅仅是说一个人有多棒）”。

35. O

【解析】“efforts the person has just _35_.”，has后应填一个动词过去式，且能够与efforts连接。根据语义，应填【undertaken原形undertake:从事】，“Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just undertaken（过程表扬则是对一个人刚刚做出的努力的认可）”

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