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2020年12月四级考试答案及解析参考

新东方大学生学习与发展中心 兰州学校

写作部分

2020年12月四级写作解析

新东方兰州 宋佳芮

第一套：

【题目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【参考范文】

Thanks to the advanced technology, there have been great changes in the way of vehicles recently. People have more means of transportation when they need to commute or go to other places. What changes, you may wonder, are there in transportation?

First of all, buying tickets is of much more convenience than before. In the past, if people needed to go somewhere by train, they had to go to the train station and waited in the long line to get the ticket. However, we can reserve train or airplane seats online effortlessly by just using some applications these days, which is much more convenient and time saving. Moreover, the range of transportation has been quite limited in the past few years, but now if one wants to leave for work, he or she can not only drive to the company or take the bus , but also use sharing bikes, an eco- friendly and prevalent trend in China to go to work.

From my perspective, those great changes in ways of transportation have been a signal of improvement in economy and technology. Since there are so many changes in transportation, it is not hard to predict that our life will be going on for the better.

【总评】

本次考试作文体裁为四级中经常出现的说明文，和社会热点话题相关。最近几次考试内容基本都是说明文和社会现象描述。考生要熟悉说明文结构及相关语料。文章开头可以点明背景即目前社会中交通方式有很大改变，中间段是写作难点，需要运用总分结构讲明发生了哪一类的变化并适当描述，如交通方式更多、购票形式更便利等。结尾段点题升华主题。

第二套：

【题目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【参考范文】

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that there are great changes in educational fields compared to a few years ago. Parents and teachers tend to put more emphasis when it comes to the education of students.

There are several alterations contributing to this social phenomenon. First and foremost, parents are willing to invest more money on students’ extracurricular activities. In the past, students always enrolled in classes like math, English and other courses related to their academic performances. However, parents spend more money on their children in some hobby groups. For example, students take part in dancing, drawing, playing instruments and so forth in their spare time, which can help them become more well - rounded. What’s more, teachers also change their teaching methods. Instead of delivering lectures, teachers are more likely to hold workshops and seminars which can enable students to get involved. Also, students are required to do more group work , presentations or other comprehensive assignments which can give them better understanding of class material.

All in all, there are numerous great changes in ways of education. Parents and teachers are supposed to put more efforts to improve the educational reforms.

【总评】

本次考试作文体裁为四级中经常出现的说明文，和热点话题教育相关。最近几次考试内容基本都是说明文和社会现象描述。考生要熟悉说明文结构及相关语料。文章开头可以点明背景即目前社会中教育方式有很大改变，中间段是写作难点，考生可以运用总分结构讲明发生了哪一类的变化并适当描述，如父母在课外活动中投入更多或教师授课形式更多样化。结尾段点题升华主题。

第三套：

【题目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【参考范文】

Nowadays, people in an increasing number are aware that the way of communication keeps changing surprisingly. Most people reckon that changes can bring unprecedented benefits. However, I believe those changes sometimes can bring demerits as well.

For the lighter side, in the past, people could only send letters to keep in touch with their families and friends who live in another cities. Distance, however, is not a problem anymore for the reason that advanced technology, such as video call, WeChat, Facebook or other applications, makes communication go more smoothly. On the other hand, since the only way for us to communicate is talking with others face to face in the past, people had better bonds with others. However, our world has become so fast - paced, and people rely on digital devices to communicate and are reluctant to talk with others face to face.

It is no denying that communication plays an important role in our daily life. Although there are more technological devices for us to communicate efficiently, we should not ignore face-to-face communication as well.

【总评】

本次考试作文体裁为四级中经常出现的说明文，和热点话题交流相关。最近几次考试内容基本都是说明文和社会现象描述。考生要熟悉说明文结构及相关语料。文章开头可以点明背景即目前社会中教育方式有很大改变，中间段是写作难点，考生可以运用总分结构讲明发生了哪一类的变化并适当描述，如交流的工具更多,面对面交流变少等。结尾段点题升华主题。

听力部分

2020年12月四级听力题目解析

新东方兰州 张婕 王皓 高海铭

Section A

New Report One

A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean. Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people. Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing. The fish, often known as Devil Fire fish, is a highly invasive species. And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. After being spotted in the Mediterranean, a marine scientist says, “The fish is spreading, and that’s a cause for concern.”

Q1: What is reported in the news?

【答案】A

【解析】本题主要考察开篇，可用视听一致匹配答案。原文：The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean. 翻译为：在土耳其、塞浦路斯和东地中海海域发现这种有毒鱼类后，国际自然保护联盟（UICN）对此表示担忧。

Q2: What is the environmentalists’ concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?

【答案】C

【解析】本题主要考察结尾处，可用视听一致匹配答案。原文：And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. 译为：环保人士担心它的到来会危及其他类型的海洋生物。

New Report Two

Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time. Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car Free Day last year. Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road. About 400 miles of streets will be closed to cars. It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels. “Last year’s car-free day showed a 40% drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor”, reports the Guardian, “and some levels dropped by 50% in the city centre.”

Q3: What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?

【答案】B

【解析】本题主要考察新闻开篇处，可用视听一致加同义替换匹配答案。原文：Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. 译为：本周日，为纪念世界无车日，几乎一半的巴黎市中心将只能步行或骑自行车。

Q4: What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?

【答案】A

【解析】本题主要考察开篇第二句，可用视听一致匹配答案。原文：This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time. 译为：这是对空气污染加剧的回应，空气污染使巴黎在短时间内成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

News report 3

A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then, a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.

The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.

When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million.

The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum, only weighs 14 pounds. That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in. 

The monstrous pearl, measured at 1 foot wide and 2.2 feet long, is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.

Q5: What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?

【答案】B

【解析】本题主要考察开篇，可用视听一致匹配答案。原文：A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. 译为：说一名菲律宾渔民感到运气不好，一场房屋大火迫使他清理财产并改变地点。

Q6: What was the fisherman forced to do?

【答案】D

【解析】本题主要考察细节信息，需要同义替换的基础上进行作答。原文：When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million. 译为：当他被迫出售时，普林塞斯卡港的旅游代理商震惊地告诉他，他藏在破旧木屋里的77磅重的巨型珍珠是世界上最大的珍珠，价值7600万英镑。

Q7: What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?

 【答案】C

【解析】本题为细节题，定位句是“the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million.”根据这句话，综合分析后可以选出正确选项C) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable. 选项中的“monstrous”是形容词，在这指“巨大的”。咱们比较熟悉的是它的名词“monster”，指怪兽或者巨人。纽约博物馆展出的是The pearl of Allah,不是世界上最大的珍珠，故A 选项错误。重达14磅是The pearl of Allah，故B选项错误。在博物馆展出的是The pearl of Allah，故D选项错误。。

Section B

Conversation 1

W: Mr. Smith, It’s a pleasure meeting you!

M: Nice to meet you, too. What can I do for you?

W: Well, I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you. Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries, offering different business services. We’re a global company with 75 years of history. And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies.

M: Thank you, Mrs. Houston. I know Astro Consultants is a famous company. But you said you would show me what you could do for me. Well. What exactly can your firm do for my company?

W: We advise businesses on all matters, from market analysis to legal issues. Anything a business like yours could meet. Our firm offers expert advice. Could I ask you, Mr. Smith, to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face? That way, I could better respond as to how we can help you.

M: OK, sure. This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. We employ just over 100 people. We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions. Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design. And that’s what we do in our factory. Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising, and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India.

W I see. That’s very interesting. I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India. That way, we could offer the best advice on different ways forward for you.

Question 8-11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 

Q8: What do we learn about the woman’s company?

【答案】A

【解析】本题主要考察具体细节，需要将原文进行简单的同义替换。原文：We’re a global company with 75 years of history. 译为：我们是一家拥有75年历史的跨国公司。

Q9: What does the man say about his own company?

【答案】C

【解析】本题主要考察具体细节，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文：This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. 译为：这是我祖父1950年创办的家族企业。

Q10: What is the main problem with the man’s company?

【答案】D

【解析】本题主要考察细节信息，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India. 译为：我们正在失去印度石材产品的竞争优势。

Q11: What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’s company?

【答案】A

【解析】本题主要考察结尾处，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文：I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India. ，译为：我建议你让我们先对贵公司进行一次财务分析，同时对你在印度的竞争对手进行分析。

Conversation 2

W: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing!

M: Really? You think so?

W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn’t, did you?

M: No. I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother, Greg. He’s actually in the construction business, which was really helpful.

W: Honestly, I’m impressed! I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn’t know where to start.

M: Well, for a while now, I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines. Every now and then, I’d saved the pictures I liked. Believe it or not, I have a full notebook of magazine pages. Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg’s help, it was very achievable.

W: Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be.

M: Actually, it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.

W: Great! If you don’t mind, I’d like to pick your brain a bit more. Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience. Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?

Q12: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

【答案】D

【解析】本题主要考察细节信息，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文：Honestly, I’m impressed! 译为：老实说，我印象深刻！

Q13: Where did the man get his ideas for the project?

【答案】B

【解析】本题主要考察细节信息，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文：I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines. 译为：我经常买家居设计杂志。

Q14: What did the man say about the project he recently completed?

【答案】C

【解析】本题主要考察细节信息，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文：Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be. 译为：不是很贵吗？我想象过这样的项目会是这样。

Q15: Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?

【答案】B

【解析】本题主要考察细节信息，可用视听一致进行匹配。原文：Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. 译为由于整体风格非常简约，我想并希望整个装修不会太困难。

Section C

Passage one Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost £3m a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases - 95% of objects removed from noses and 85% from ears. Every year, an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose. Five to nine year olds come to the hospital with something in their ear the most. Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.

According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity. Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects. Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults. Batteries can pose a particular danger. In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.

Q16: What does England spend an annual £3m on?

【答案】D

【解析】本题属于细节信息考察，根据具体的数字信息(三百万英镑)，锁定文章第一句中的细节信息，采取视听一致的方法，选出D选项，即移除病人耳朵和鼻腔内的异物。

Q17: What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?

【答案】C

【解析】本题属于细节信息考察，根据England's Hospital Episode Statistics，关注录音中有关年龄的描述，采取视听一致的方法，选出C选项，即五岁至九岁年龄段的孩子最容易将异物放到他们的耳朵里。

Q18: What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?

【答案】D

【解析】本题属于细节信息考察，使用词汇替换技巧，将generally believed替换为generally attributed to，根据后文描述对鼻子和耳朵的好奇心，替换为D选项中的body parts，故选择D。

Passage 2

Good morning, I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle. But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to New Zealand that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle. In weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.

To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars. With a bike, you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So, if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at ReBicycle and make a difference in someone’s life. Q19. What did ReBicycle do to help Leila Rahimi? 【答案】B

【解析】本题属于细节信息考察，根据ReBicycle … gave a second – hand bicycle，运用词汇替换的技巧，对应到B选项中的使用过的自行车，即used bicycle。

Q20. What is ReBicycle doing to help those in need? 【答案】A

【解析】本题属于细节信息考察，定位those in need，根据信息细节把握后文，…is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars，即ReBicycle随着需求增加而开展了单车骑行课程的业务，故选择A。

Q21. What do we learn from the passage about the ReBicycle?

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查文章的主旨大意，文章通篇描述ReBicycle是如何为又需要的人提供单车及相应的服务，并且通过文章第一句中的charity一词可知，ReBicycle是一个慈善机构，故选择B选项。

Passage 3

Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice（22）. The results are both interesting and humorous.

The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. (23)However, it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.

That’s when things really get wild. The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. (24) Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.

The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. (25)

Q22 What do Nasa scientists want to learn about?

【答案】[D]. How animals deal with lack of gravity.

【解析】对应原文：they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice. 他们一直在研究其他物种是如何应对低重力的，特别是在老鼠身上。做到试听一致即可做出答案。

Q23 What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?

【答案】[A]. They were not used to the low- gravity environment.

【解析】对应原文：As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. 正如你在视频中注意到的那样，在实验的开始，老鼠们显然不太舒服。正确答案与原文进行了同替。

Q24 What was observed about the mice on the 11th day of the experiment?

【答案】[C]. They already felt at home in the new environment.

【解析】对应原文：The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. 实验的第11天表明，老鼠不仅要应对重力的变化，而且看起来还很享受。用the 11th day定位，正确答案与原文进行了同替。

Q25 What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?

【答案】[B]. They behaved as if they were on Earth.

【解析】对应原文：The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. 研究表明，这些老鼠保持了大部分日常活动的完整，包括清洁自己和饥饿时进食。正确答案与原文进行了同替。

阅读部分

2020年12月四级阅读题目解析

新东方兰州 高海铭 王皓

词汇理解题

26. B – constant

解析：首先根据词性判断可知，此处需要一个形容词去修饰praise；其次，后文提到父母为了建立孩子的信息，便经常去鼓励、赞美孩子，因此本处选择B选项constant。

27. G – negative

解析：根据however可以看出，后文的语义出现了转折，effect前需要一个形容词去修饰，并且可以看出，家长不断鼓励、赞美孩子，却适得其反，因此选择G选项negative。

28. K – repeatedly

解析：首先，句意为当我们重复的使用同样的鼓励或赞美，这些赞美也就变得空洞或毫无价值；其次，根据词性判断此处需要填入一个副词，用来修饰动词use，意为重复的使用，故选择K选项。

29. L – rewarded

解析：首先根据句意，可理解为，it变为一种期待，即孩子们做任何事都希望得到积极的赞美；其次，此处must be后可以跟形容词或过去分词构成本动语态，根据前文判断选择L选项，即孩子们做任何事都必须得到赞美、表扬。

30. C – disappointing

解析：根据前文可理解，孩子们为了得到表扬而不会冒险，以至于让家长失望；其次，of后可填现在分词作介词宾语，故选择C。

31. H – outcome

解析：根据rather than进行判断，健康的赞美模式，是应该关注过程(process)，而不是结果，故选择H选项。

32. I – pattern

解析：根据句意判断，我们该怎么做去打破我们已经习惯的这种赞美模式；其次，break为动词，其后需要添加一个宾语，故选择I选项，构成动宾结构。

33. D – distinguish

解析：首先，根据结构it’s important to do，需要填入一个动词原型；其次，根据之后的内容，区分个人赞美和过程赞美，故选择D选项。

34. N – simply

解析：根据句意判断，个人赞美就仅仅是赞美一个人如何好；其次，可以看出需要填入一个副词以修饰整个句子，故选择N选项。

35. O– undertaken

解析：首先，根据has可以判断，此处是一个现在完成时，需要填入过去分词；其次，根据句意可理解为，过程咱们就是对一个人刚刚体验过的经历、努力的一种肯定，故选择O。

段落匹配题

36. [E]

对应E段： That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danelle Atkinson，"was meant to shame".

37. [H]

对应H段： But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with ＄400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason: economic instability stretches across race, gender, and geography.

38. [M]

对应M段： According to the General Social Survey, 71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on "assistance to the poor. "

39. [J]

对应J段： The Frame Works Institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues, has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom.

40. [D]

对应D段： If these are the central characters of our story about poverty, what layers of perceptions, myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?

41.[F]

对应F段： How many of us are poor in the U.S.?

42. [N]

对应N段： "Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color- specifically black women and black mothers, " says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.

43. [I]

对应I段：Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.

44. [C]

根据本段第一句话“Today’s faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us”，today对应题干中的nowadays，inequality与题干中是原词重现，此外本句大意为今天我们所有人都面临着不平等和机会的缺乏，这与题干中的none of us can get away from income inequality.

45 [L]

对应L段： Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race, gender, or ability.

仔细阅读

Passage one:

46. [A]. When they don’t have the chance to do what they want

【解析】定位在第二段，对于孤独，心理学家普遍接受的定义中提到：One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is the experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.

47. [D]. Harmful conduct

【解析】定位到第三段第一句：Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive mindless snacking, excessive drinking and addictive gambling.

48. [B]. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom

【解析】定位到第三段第三、四、五句话：One team psychologists discovered that two-third men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer shock than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching the phenomenon, other team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral film, during which they could self-administer electric shock. The board volunteer shocked themselves more and harder than the sad and neutral ones did.

49. [C]. It may promote creative thinking.

【解析】定位到第四段第一、二句话：But boredom is not all bad by courage, self-reflection, and daydreaming, it can spur creativity.

50. [D]. Allow oneself some time to be bored.

【解析】定位到最后一段话：in our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is fertile one. Watch pain dry or water boil, at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.

Passage two:

51. [B]. Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.

解析：首先，锁定第一段第一句中的environmentalists, 前文提到get a lot of attention对应问题中的catch environmentalists’ attention；根据第一段前两句可以看出，发展中国家(南美洲与撒哈拉沙漠所在的非洲)森林的快速消亡正是环境学家们所关注的问题，故选择B。

52. [C]. Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.

解析：根据题目中fastest forest growth，定位至第二段第一句with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees；其次，通过句意判断，从历史角度出发，森林在树木稀少的地方生长最快，故选择C

53. [C]. The government's advocacy.

解析：首先，题目中的encouraging对应到第三段fertilising，意为促进森林面积的增长；其次，在文中发现了两点原因，第一是退耕还林，第二是政府政策原因，因此选择A选项，即政府的宣传。

54. [C]. Their capabilities of improving air quality.

解析：首先根据desire锁定文章第三段最后末尾，前一句提到森林对空气起到的净化作用，故选择C选项。

55. [D]. Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.

解析：阅读文章最后一段，首先作者描述部分西方国家的人，对森林的回归的一些相反的观点；其次，在文章最后一句，作者表明，西方国家森林面积的增长趋势，与发展中国家森林面积缩减的趋势，都是势不可挡的。

翻译部分

2020年12月四级翻译题目解析

新东方兰州 邸明珠

【整体解析】

翻译整体难度适中。从词语翻译层面来看：关键词“春节”、“饺子”、“饮食”、“传统”等考生较为熟悉，翻译没什么困难；但像“美德”、“节省”、“海鲜”、“淡水水产”、“丰富多样”等词有一定难度，考生如果没有充足的词汇储备，可能会翻译不出，但是这些词也可以换一种说法进行翻译，比如“丰富多样”可以翻译为“ different kinds of”。从句型层面来看：主要以S+V+O的基本句式加上定语从句以及一些被动语态翻译，整体来说句型不难，没有超纲句式。

【真题1】

鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。

【译文】

Fish is an indispensable dish on the Spring Festival Eve because the pronunciation of fish in Chinese is the same as Yu, the literal meaning of affluence. Due to this symbolic meaning, fish are also given as gifts to relatives and friends during the Chinese New Year. It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish is derived from traditional Chinese culture with thrift being its tradition. Chinese people think the more they save, the more secure they feel. Today, even though people are getting richer, they still regard thrift as a praiseworthy virtue.

【逐句翻译】

1. 鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。

解析：本句中“因为”这一信号词，因此可将此句翻为原因状语从句，“春节前夕”可翻为“Spring Festival Eve”,“不可或缺”可翻为“indispensable”.

Fish is an indispensable dish on the Spring Festival Eve because the pronunciation of fish in Chinese is the same as Yu, the literal meaning of affluence.

正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。

解析：本句中有“由于”这一信号词，将其翻译为“due to”,象征意义可翻译为“symbolic meaning”.

Due to this symbolic meaning, fish are also given as gifts to relatives and friends during the Chinese New Year.

鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。中国人有节省的传统，

解析：本句与后句“中国人有节省的传统”意思连接紧密，因此将后半句与前句结合在一起翻译，将其作为后句的伴随状语。

It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish is derived from traditional Chinese culture with thrift being its tradition.

他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。

解析：这句话可以用一个固定结构“the more, the more”进行翻译。

Chinese people think the more they save, the more secure they feel.

5. 今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。

解析：“美德”可以翻译为“virtue”, 可将“尽管”翻译为让步状语从句。

Today, even though people are getting richer, they still regard thrift as a praiseworthy virtue.

【真题2】

生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在其他地区人们的饮食中，肉类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而，因为烹饪方式各异，同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。

【译文】

People living in different parts of China have different kinds of food. Those in the north mainly eat noodles, while the people in the south prefer rice. In coastal areas, seafood and fresh water products account for a considerable proportion of people’s diet, while in other areas, meat and dairy products are more common. Residents in Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces like spicy food, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food. However, due to different cooking methods, the same food may taste different.

【分句解析】

生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。

解析：本句中的定语“生活在中国不同地区的”可翻译为动名词做后置定语。

People living in different parts of China have different kinds of food.

北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。

本句可翻译为：Those in the north mainly eat noodles, while the people in the south prefer rice.

3. 在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在其他地区人们的饮食中，肉类和奶制品更为常见。

解析：本句翻译的句式同上句一样，用“while”来形成前后对比。

In coastal areas, seafood and fresh water products account for a considerable proportion of people’s diet, while in other areas, meat and dairy products are more common.

四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。

Residents in Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces like spicy food, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food.

5. 然而，因为烹饪方式各异，同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。

解析：“因为”这一信号词可以翻译为due to

However, due to different cooking methods, the same food may taste different.

【真题3】

春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最佳时机，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样，其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。例如，鱼是不可缺少的一道菜，因为汉语中的“鱼”字和“余”字听上一样。在中国的许多地方，饺子也是一道重要的佳肴，因为饺子象征着财富和好运。

【译文】

It is a Chinese tradition to eat reunion dinner on the Spring Festival Eve. Reunion dinner is the most important dinner of the year and the best time for family reunion, especially for family members who live apart. The dishes on the reunion dinner are varied, some of which have special meanings. For example, fish is an indispensable dish because fish sounds like “surplus”. In many places, Chinese dumplings are also an important dish since they symbolize wealth and fortune.

【分句解析】

春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。

解析：本句用It is +to do句式翻译出来。

It is a Chinese tradition to eat reunion dinner on the Spring Festival Eve.

团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最佳时机，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。

解析：这句话比较长，我们可以将前两个句子翻译为并列句，第三个小短句翻译为短语，作为补充说明。

Reunion dinner is the most important dinner of the year and the best time for family reunion, especially for family members who live apart.

团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样，其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。

解析：本句中的“其中”，我们可将其处理为定语从句。

The dishes on the reunion dinner are varied, some of which have special meanings.

例如，鱼是不可缺少的一道菜，因为汉语中的“鱼”字和“余”字听上一样。

For example, fish is an indispensable dish because fish sounds like “surplus”.

5. 在中国的许多地方，饺子也是一道重要的佳肴，因为饺子象征着财富和好运。

解析：“因为”后面的部分翻译为原因状语从句，“象征”翻译为“symbolize”。

In many places, Chinese dumplings are also an important dish since they symbolize wealth and fortune.

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