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2020年12月四级阅读部分仔细阅读（第一套）
大学事业部成都中心 谢宁
文章阐述了人们日常生活中常经历的一种情绪—无聊，论述了该情绪的成因和出现场景，并用一则实验阐明了这种无聊情绪可能产生的危害，在文章末尾转而说明该情绪也不全是坏事。
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
1. Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics. 2. What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom scale, developed in 2008, measures a person's felings of boredom in a given situation. 3. Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutar films, during which they could self-administer elecric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did. 4. But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur activity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive. 5. In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.
46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition？
A) When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
B) When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.
C) When they experience something unpleasant.
D) When they engage in some routine activities.
解析：选A。该题为细节题。根据定位词likely to experience boredom , an accepted psychological definition定位到(第二段第2句，找到命题句“the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.”，匹配该句与选项A中的don’t have the chance to do what they want =being unable to engage in satisfying activity 即为该题正确答案。
47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?
A) Determination
B) Mental deterioration
C) Concentration
D) Harmful conduct
解析：选D。该题为细节题。根据“题序同文”的做题逻辑定位到第三段，由该段首句Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling.得知“无聊情绪会和行为问题相连接”，该段后半部分通过实验来例证这一观点。匹配原文与选项，确定正确选项D：harmful conduct= behavior issues.
48. What is the findings of one team of psychologists in their experiment?
A) Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.
解析：选B。该题为细节题。根据定位词one team of psychologists in their experiment定位到第三段第3句行，题干针对“这些心理学家在实验中的发现”进行设问，而实验是用来例证观点的，观点多在实验内容之前，所以看到该段第2句即为该实验观点：In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. 与选项匹配，可得到正确选项B：choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom = choose pain over boredom.
49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad？
A) It stimulates memorization.
B) It may promote creative thinking.
C) It allows time for relaxation.
D) It may facilitate independent learning.
解析：选B。该题为细节题。根据定位词boredom isn’t all bad. 定位到第四段第1-2句。该段第2句提及：By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur activity. 对比选项和原文可知B项为正确选项: promote creative thinking = spur activity
50. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem?
A) Stop idling and think big.
B) Unlock one’s smartphone.
C) Look around oneself for stimulation.
D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.
解析：选D。该题为细节题。根据定位词faced with a challenging problem 定位到第四段第3句complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. 在后文（第五段）中，可找到In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea. 即作者告知读者让自己无聊一会，而后能打开自己的思路。故正确选项为D.
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