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Passage Two
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?
Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51. What is catching environmentalists’ attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that at have the greatest demand for timber
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A) The government’s advocacy.
B) The use of wood for fuel.
C) The favorable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantation.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
【答案】BCACD
51.B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
【解题思路】根据题干关键词environmentalists’ attention定位首段第一第二句，第二句表明“南美与非洲大面积森林减少”，这正是吸引环保主义者的原因。该段中提到的巴西与刚果均为发展中国家，故B选项符合题意。
【干扰排除】A选项中“富国剥夺穷国的资源”，C选项中“森林在侵占耕地面积”;D选项中“发达国家为森林减少无所作为”均为无中生有，故排除。
52.C)Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
【解题思路】根据题干关键词fastest forest growth 和 countries定位第二段首句即可。该句中的with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress与C选项为同义改写;lowest forest coverage(森林覆盖率)等于“had rather few trees”，符合题意，故选C
【干扰排除】选项A、B、D中均有个别词在该段出现，如“independence”，“government'”，但均为细节拼凑，与题干不符，故排除。
53.A) The government’s advocacy.
【解题思路】根据题干关键词“forest growth”定位第三段。第三段解释了两个森林覆盖在发达国家增长的原因，第一个原因为农民放弃耕地，第二个原因是政府鼓励支持，前者选项中未提及，只有答案A“政府的提倡”符合第二个原因，故选A。
【干扰排除】B“使用木头做燃料”C“天气原因”D“环保运动”等的原因在文章中均未提及，故排除。
54.C) Their capability of improving air quality.
【解题思路】根据题干关键词increasing desire for forests定位第三段最后两句，对于“森林覆盖率不断增长的需求”的原因是“they suck in carbon pollution from the air.”，即森林可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳，这句话与C选项为同义改写，故选C
【干扰排除】ABD三个选项中的个别词均在文中出现，具有一定的干扰性，定位时需确保答案句包含题干中的关键词、或与其有替换与改写，且能回答题干的问题。
55.D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the prospects of forestation定位最后一段，该段开头提到的“the greening of the West”指发达国家的“森林覆盖率的增加”，最后一句提到“The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.”即西方国家“森林覆盖率的增加”这一趋势势不可挡，而其他地方(前文提到的发展中国家)的森林覆盖率减少的趋势同样难以控制形成对比，D选项符合题意，故选D。
【干扰排除】A选项“非洲的沙漠将逐渐消失”文中并未提及， B选项“森林在人类生活中的角色将越来越重要”也没有提到。C选项“发展中国家森林减少的情况会迅速好转”与首段内容相反，故均可排除。
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