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Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams, and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
What, exactly, is everyone studying? [46] One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activities.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s?
In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.
[47]Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom.
[48]One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thought for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral one did.
[49]But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur activity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
[50] In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.
46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition?
A) When they don’t have the chance to do what they want
B) When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying
C) When they experience something unpleasant
D) When they engage in some routine activities
47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?
A) Determination
B) Mental deterioration
C) Concentration
D) Harmful conduct
48. What is the findings of one team of psychologists in their experiment?
A) Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.
49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?
A) It stimulates memorization.
B) It may promote creative thinking.
C) It allows time for relaxation.
D) It may facilitate independent learning.
50. What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?
A) Stop idling and think big.
B) Unlock one’s smartphone.
C) Look around oneself for stimulation.
D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.
答案：46. A 47. D. 48. B. 49. B. 50. D
解析：
46. A. 根据题干定位到第2段“One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activities.” 选项A When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.是对定位句的同义替换。
，故选A。其中distasteful 为 “令人不快的”，engage意思为“投入”。
47. D. 根据题文同序原则及题干信息，可判断第4段第1句为定位句。此句中 “behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling”均为负面行为，inattentive 意思为“粗心大意的”，addictive gambling 意思为“赌博上瘾”, D选项的harmful为概括改写，conduct与behavior为同义替换，都表示“行为”。
48. B. 根据题干信息可定位到第5段整段。通过选项与原文对比，可知原文 “The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral one did.” 与选项B意思一致，表明无聊的志愿者比悲伤的或中立的志愿者电击自己的次数更多、更用力。
49. B. 根据题干信息可定位至第6段第1句，但该句并未解释原因，所以应该看下文进行解读。此题在原文中并没有原词复现，而需根据对下文的理解进行概括。阅读整段，可见inventive, creative等单词反复出现，都表示创造、创新，选项B It may promote creative thinking，“可能会促进创新性思考”符合原文意思。
50. D. 由第四段最后两句 “In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smart phone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.” 可知，在我们这个始终保持联系的世界里，无聊可能是一种难以定义的状态，但它是一种丰富的状态。看着油漆变干或者水沸腾，或者至少把你的智能手机放一段时间，你可能会开启你的下一个伟大的想法。所以选D 项Allow oneself some time to be bored.。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
(51)Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?
(52) Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forests; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilizing this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. (53) Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. (54) Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justification change; desire for more trees remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidized tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51. What is catching environmentalist’s attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are striping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that have the greatest demand for timber.
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A). The government’s advocacy.
B). The use of wood for fuel.
C). The favorable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantation.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forests destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
答案：51 B. 52. C 53. A 54. C. 55. D.
解析：
51. B. Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
根据题干定位至第1段第2句，“South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost.”此句含冒号，故前后部分含义一致，根据后一句“每年接近5百万公顷森林丢失”，可知森林面积正在逐年减少，与选项B中的shrinking 意思相同，故选B。deforestation意思为“采伐森林”。
52.C. Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
根据题干定位至第2段第1句，“Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees.” 其中historically 对应used to，had rather few trees对应the lowest forest coverage。选项C与原文含义一致。
53.A. The governments' advocacy.
根据题干中的historically 可定位至第3段定位到第三段第一句：Two things are fertilising this growth. 定位句的下句出答案，可知段中提到两个原因：The first is the abandonment of farmland;The second is government policy and subsidy. 结合选项，”，A项The government’s advocacy.对应第二个原因故选A。advocacy 为“拥护”。
54. C. Their capability of improving air quality
根据题干increasing desire 可定位至第3段最后两句。根据因果逻辑关系，可知“Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.” 为答案句，即“今天人们越来越想要森林是因为森林能够空气中的二氧化碳。”故选C。
55.D Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.
根据题文同序原则，最后一题应定位至最后一段。根据题干，作者对森林前景的总结性观点应出自段落观点句，即最后一句“The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere. ”，西方国家森林的增加似乎是势不可挡，而其他地方森林采伐随处可见, 故D选项符合原文意思，其中developed and developing countries 与Western and elsewhere 为同义替换, moving in opposite direction 是对最后一句话的同义改写。
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