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整体评估
四级考试仔细阅读细节题占比很大，以本篇为例，五道题全是细节题，同学们可以遵循题文同序原则，先找题干关键词，然后定位原文，再对比选项与定位句，正确答案一般为原词复现，近几年同义替换较多，需要学生具备一定的词汇和长难句的理解能力。
题目
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?
Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51. What is catching environmentalists’ attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that at have the greatest demand for timber
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A) The government’s advocacy.
B) The use of wood for fuel.
C) The favorable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantation.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
答案解析
51. B项正确。细节题，根据题干catching environmentalists’ attention nowadays可以定位到第一段的第一句，但是第一段并没有具体说森林的问题，后面几句提到南美和非洲的的森林减少，西欧森林面积增多。符合原文表述的只有B。A中发达国家剥削发展中国家的资源属于无中生有;C中存在世界范围内的森林占据耕地现象也是无中生有;D中发达国家无所作为明显与原文相反，属于正反混淆错误。
52. C项正确。细节题，根据the fastest forest growth可以定位到第二段第一句，文中historically had rather few trees的国家增长最快。C项used to have the lowest forest coverage这一表述与原文相符;A项have newly achieved independence是干扰项，文中提到爱尔兰1922年独立，但并不是 newly achieved independence，而且也不能用一个特例代替普遍现象;B项 have the greatest demand for timber属于无中生有;D项中that provide enormous government subsidies在后文有提及，但是与最快增长无关。
53. A正确。根据encouraged forest growth historically可以定位到第三段第一句Two things are fertilising this growth.本段提到两个原因，一个是the abandonment of farmland，一个是government policy and subsidy，根据题干historically一词，第二个原因是正确答案，A表述与原文一致，故选择A。BCD都属于无中生有。
54. C正确。根据our increasing desire for forests，定位到第3段倒数第二句Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. 题干问原因，我们选择because后同意表述的内容即可，C和原文表述一致，ABD为无中生有。
55.D正确。题干问the prospects of forestation，根据题文同序原则在最后一段中寻找，最后一段最后一句The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.很明显是预期，跟开头呼应，西方森林增多，其他地区森林减少。AC项原文未提及，B像表述笼统。只有D符合原文表述。
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