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【试题一】
青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上,是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统,在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施,以确保其成为一条“绿色铁路”。青藏铁路大大缩短了中国内地与西藏之间的旅行时间。更重要的是,它极大地促进了西藏的经济发展,改善了当地居民的生活。铁路开通后,愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏,这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景。
【译文】
The 1,956-kilometre Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest and longest plateau railway with 960 kilometres above the altitude of 4,000 metres, and it is the first train line connecting Tibet and other areas of China. As it crosses the world’s most vulnerable ecosystem, ecological protection measures have been adopted during and after the construction to guarantee that it becomes "a green railroad.” The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has greatly shortened the travelling time between mainland China and Tibet, and more importantly, it has greatly promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the living condition of the local people. After the railway’s operation, more and more people choose to visit Tibet by train so that they have the opportunity to admire the beautiful scenery along the way.
【解析】
① 青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上。
句式结构：主系表，时态是一般现在时
重点：修饰成分的使用：全长1956公里做前置定语修饰青藏铁路，有960公里在海拔4000多米之上，可以用with+名词短语做后置定语修饰青藏铁路
短语：青藏铁路：Qinghai-Tibet Railway高原铁路可翻译为plateau railway 海拔4000米可翻译为the altitude of 4,000 metres,
The 1,956-kilometre Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest and longest plateau railway with 960 kilometres above the altitude of 4,000 metres
② 是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路
重点：无主句，注意主语还是青藏铁路，补充主语，加上连词。
连接西藏和中国其他地区修饰铁路，分词做定语：connecting Tibet and other areas of China
单词：西藏 Tibet
and it is the first train line connecting Tibet and other areas of China.
③ 由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统,在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施,以确保其成为一条“绿色铁路”。
重点：原因状语从句as引导，在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施,隐藏的被动语态，措施被采取，翻译为measures have been adopted 以确保其成为一条“绿色铁路”，不定式做状语 to guarantee that it becomes "a green railroad.”
词组：脆弱的：vulnerable , 生态系统：ecosystems ，生态保护措施：ecological protection measure
As it crosses the world’s most vulnerable ecosystem, ecological protection measures have been adopted during and after the construction to guarantee that it becomes "a green railroad.”
④ 青藏铁路大大缩短了中国内地与西藏之间的旅行时间。
句式结构：主谓宾，现在完成时
单词：缩短：shorten 中国内地：mainland China
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has greatly shortened the travelling time between mainland China and Tibet
⑤ 更重要的是,它极大地促进了西藏的经济发展,改善了当地居民的生活。
重点：并列句：逗号后两个句子并列注意加并列连词
词汇：极大地促进：greatly promote, 经济发展：economic development
and more importantly, it has greatly promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the living condition of the local people.
⑥ 铁路开通后,愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏,这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景。
重点;这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景，结果状语从句so that引导
短语：铁路开通the railway' s operation,沿线的：along the way
After the railway’s operation, more and more people choose to visit Tibet by train so that they have the opportunity to admire the beautiful scenery along the way.
【试题二】
港珠澳大桥( Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macau Bridge)全长55公里,是我国一项不同寻常的工程壮举。大桥将三个城市连接起来,是世界上最长的跨海桥梁和隧道系统。大桥将三个城市之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到30分钟。这座跨度巨大的钢筋混凝土大桥充分证明中国有能力建造创纪录的巨型建筑。它将助推区域一体化，促进经济增长。大桥是中国发展自己的大湾区总体规划的关键。中国希望将大湾区建成在技术创新和经济繁荣上能与旧金山、纽约和东京的湾区相媲美的地区。
【译文】
The 55-kilometre Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macau Bridge is an extraordinary engineering. It is the world's longest sea-crossing transportation system combining bridges and tunnels, which joins the three cities , cutting the traveling time among them from 3 hours to 30 minutes. The reinforced concrete bridge with huge spans fully proves that China has the ability to complete the record-breaking huge construction. It will enhance the regional integration and boost the economic growth. It plays a crucial role in the overall plan to develop China’s Great Bay Area, which China intends to turn into one comparable to the Bay Area of San Francisco, New York and Tokyo in terms of technological innovation and economic prosperity.
【解析】
① 港珠澳大桥( Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macau Bridge)全长55公里，是我国一项不同寻常的工程壮举。
The 55-kilometre Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macau Bridge is an extraordinary engineering.
② 大桥将三个城市连接起来,是世界上最长的跨海桥梁和隧道系统。大桥将三个城市之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到30分钟。
It is the world's longest sea-crossing transportation system combining bridges and tunnels, which joins the three cities , cutting the traveling time among them from 3 hours to 30 minutes.
③ 这座跨度巨大的钢筋混凝土大桥充分证明中国有能力建造创纪录的巨型建筑。
重点：跨度巨大修饰大桥，with+名词做定语with huge spans
句式结构：主系表，prove后跟表语从句
词组：钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete ，造创纪录的：record-breaking
The reinforced concrete bridge with huge spans fully proves that China has the ability to complete the record-breaking huge construction.
④ 它将助推区域一体化，促进经济增长
句式结构：并列句，时态一般将来时
单词：助推：enhance 区域一体化：the regional integration 经济增长：economic growth
It will enhance the regional integration and boost the economic growth.
⑤ 大桥是中国发展自己的大湾区总体规划的关键。
重点：是...的关键可以表述为起重要的作用play a crucial role
词汇：总体规划：overall plan, 大湾区：China’s Great Bay Area。
It plays a crucial role in the overall plan to develop China’s Great Bay Area,
⑥ 中国希望将大湾区建成在技术创新和经济繁荣上能与旧金山、纽约和东京的湾区相媲美的地区。
重点：定语从句，结合上一句，先行词为大湾区，which引导的非限定定从进行补充说明
单词：与...相媲美:comparable to 技术创新:technological innovation 经济繁荣:economic prosperity，在...上(方面)：in terms of
which China intends to turn into one comparable to the Bay Area of San Francisco, New York and Tokyo in terms of technological innovation and economic prosperity.
【试题三】
北京大兴国际机场位于天安门广场以南46公里处,于2019年9月30日投入使用。该巨型工程于2014年开工建设,高峰时工地上有4万多工人。航站楼设计紧凑,可以允许最大数量的飞机直接停靠在最靠近航站楼中心的位置,这给乘客提供了极大的方便。航站楼共有82个登机口,但乘客通过安检后,只需不到8分钟就能抵达任何一个登机口。机场的设计可确保每小时300架次起降。机场年客运量2040年将达到1亿人次,有望成为世界上最繁忙的机场。
【译文】
Beijing Daxing lnternational Airport, which is located 46 kilometres south of the Tian'anmen Square, was put into operation on Sept. 30, 2019. The construction began in 2014, with more than 40,000 workers on the construction site at the peak. The terminals feature a compact design to allow the maximum number of planes to park closest to their centre,which offers passengers considerable convenience. There are 82 boarding gates to the terminals, which can be accessed in no more than 8 minutes after passengers go through the security check. The airport is designed to guarantee 300 takeoffs and landings per hour and the airport will handle a passenger capacity of 100 million by 2040 and is expected to be the busiest airport in the world.
【解析】
① 北京大兴国际机场位于天安门广场以南46公里处,于2019年9月30日投入使用。
重点：位于天安门广场以南46公里处可以使用which引导非限定性定语从句修饰大兴机场。大兴机场投入使用注意是隐藏的被动语态：be put into operation
天安门广场以南46公里处翻译为：46 kilometres south of the Tian'anmen Square
Beijing Daxing lnternational Airport, which is located 46 kilometres south of the Tian'anmen Square, was put into operation on Sept. 30, 2019.
② 该巨型工程于2014年开工建设,高峰时工地上有4万多工人。
句式结构：主谓，时态是一般过去时
高峰时工地上有4万多工人可以用with+名词做定语修饰该工程。
词汇：工地：construction site 高峰时： at the peak.
The construction began in 2014, with more than 40,000 workers on the construction site at the peak.
③ 航站楼设计紧凑,可以允许最大数量的飞机直接停靠在最靠近航站楼中心的位置,这给乘客提供了极大的方便。
重点：To do不定式做目的状语，“这”可以用，which引导的非限定性定从进行补充说明
词汇：极大的方便： considerable convenience
The terminals feature a compact design to allow the maximum number of planes to park closest to their centre，which offers passengers considerable convenience.
④ 航站楼共有82个登机口,但乘客通过安检后,只需不到8分钟就能抵达任何一个登机口。
重点：there be句型表示客观存在，which引导的非限定性定从修饰登机口
单词：登机口：boarding gate 航站楼： terminal，抵达，通过可以翻译为access 安检：security check 通过：go through
There are 82 boarding gates to the terminals, which can be accessed in no more than 8 minutes after passengers go through the security check.
⑤ 机场的设计可确保每小时300架次起降。
本句重点：隐藏的被动语态，机场被设计成.... to do不定式表示目的 to guarantee，为了确保。
单词：起降 takeoff，
The airport is designed to guarantee 300 takeoffs
⑥ 机场年客运量2040年将达到1亿人次,有望成为世界上最繁忙的机场。
重点：并列句，逗号后接动词，注意加连词和补充主语，有望成为是隐藏的被动，翻译成被期望成为be expected to be...
时态一般将来时，到2040年 by 2040时间状语
短语：... 的容量可翻译为a capacity of
The airport will handle a passenger capacity of 100 million by 2040 and is expected to be the busiest airport in the world.
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