一般来讲,真正决定作文表达效果的还是中间段。为了紧扣题意,增强表达效果, 中间段的写作可采用以下三种方法:
1.列举法
列举法是四级写作中常用的方法,一般用 first, second 等一系列标志词引出原因 或者可能的影响等。列举法常用的素材有:
1.1 引出列举
1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也许有一些因素造成/可以解释______。
2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______. 引起______显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。
3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。
1.2 分条列举
1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______. 首先,______。其次,______。
2. To begin with, ____. Secondly, _____. Last but not least, _____. 首先,______。其次,______。最后但并不是最不重要的,______。
3. For one thing, ______. For another, ______. 一方面,______。另一方面,______。
4. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______. 我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为______。
2.对比法
对比法是指通过对比两种截然不同的观点来陈述其中的利弊,从而得出自己的 结论。对比法常用的素材有:
1. The advantages gained in ______ outweigh/are much greater than the advantages we gain from ______. 从______中获取的优势远远超过我们从______中获取的。
2. On the one hand, ______. On the other hand, ______. 一方面,______。另一方面,______。
3. Although ______ enjoy(s) a distinct advantage, ______. 尽管______有明显优势,但是______。
4. People differ in their opinions on ______. Some of them believe that ______, while others deem that______. 人们对______持有不同的看法。有些人认为______,而有些人则认为______。
3.举例法
所谓举例法,是指以恰当的事例来佐证自己的观点,例子应该典型、精炼。举例 法常用素材有:
1. From my everyday experience and observation I can list several examples that defend the statement that ______. 根据我的日常经验和观察,我可以举出几个例子来证明______。
2. Perhaps the most important example of ______ is ______. 有关______的最重要的例子可能是______。
3. A case in point is ______. 一个恰当的例子是______。
4. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of ______. 要说明这个问题,______是一个最好的例子。
5. The latest surveys conducted by ______ show/reveal/demonstrate/indicate that ______. 由______开展的最新调查显示______。
6. Talking about ______, the first thing that may occur to you and me seems to be ______. 说到______,我们首先想到的似乎就是______。
7. History abounds with the example of ______. 历史上有许多______方面的例子。