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　　四级翻译解析

　　第一套

　　原文

　　都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。两千多年来，都江堰一直有效地发挥着防洪与灌溉作用，使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一。都江堰工程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水的水利工程。

　　参考译文

　　Located on the Minjiang River in the west of the Chengdu Plain，Dujiangyan is about 50 kilometers away from Chengdu City，which was built in the third century BC. It is unique since there is no need to use dams to regulate the flow of water. For more than two thousand years, Dujiangyan has been effective in flood control and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile soil for drought and flood protection and one of China's most important grain production areas. As the oldest water control project in the world，the Dujiangyan Project embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature，which is still in use and can control water without any blocking dam.

　　简析

　　句1：都江堰坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，据成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪。

　　解析：“坐落在 be located in“”据...公里 be away from ...“”建于...世纪 be built in the ...century“ 皆为四级翻译真题高频原句，2017年黄山话题，华山话题都已考过。可见夯实真题，从真题出发始终的翻译板块的重点复习方向。同时，该句为课上重点强调过的翻译高频句式，多动句结构：前后主语相同，可运用非谓语结构或定语从句进行整合翻译。

　　译文：Located on the Minjiang River in the west of the Chengdu Plain，Dujiangyan is about 50 kilometers away from Chengdu City，which was built in the third century BC.

　　句2：它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。

　　解析：”独特“一词在此句中实则为名词类，但也可做为形容词进行翻译：它是独特的因为....

　　”调控“为‘管理’含义，但可进行难词简化处理为”控制“ ，”堤坝“若不会翻译，也可简译为上下文提过的话题词”该工程the project“或”设备“，或省译为”无需调控水流“。

　　译文：It is unique since there is no need to use dams to regulate the flow of water.

　　句3：两千多年来，都江堰一直有效地发挥防洪与灌溉的作用，使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一。

　　解析：此句依旧为四级翻译重点句式多动句，”使....“与前一句构成语义上的目的关系，因此可运用非谓语结构，将该句升级书写;”旱涝保收“为此句的难词，含义为，“不管天旱还是多雨都有好收成“，此处也可宽泛理解为”regardless of drought and flood”

　　译文：For more than two thousand years, Dujiangyan has been effective in flood control and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile soil for drought and flood protection and one of China's most important grain production areas.

　　句4：都江堰工程体现我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是全世界年代最久，仍在使用，无坝控水的水利工程。

　　解析：此句同上句结构一致，为重点句式多动句，可利用介词短语as(作为)将两句整合为一句话，后半句定语较多，可将所有定语拆成前后两部分进行书写，“全世界年代最久”做前置定语，放于水利工程前;“仍在使用，无坝控水” 定语内包含动词，可后置写为定语从句，把定语含义以句子形式解释出来。

　　译文：As the oldest water control project in the world，the Dujiangyan Project embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature，which is still in use and can control water without any blocking dam.

　　第二套

　　原文

　　坎儿井(Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。该系统将春夏季节渗入(seep into)地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。坎儿井減少了水在地面的蒸发(evaporation)，对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。

　　参考译文

　　Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid area of Xinjiang, in which wells are connected by underground channels. The system collects vast amounts of rainwater and melted snow water that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws the water to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily needs. Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment. Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence between people and nature, which is a great contribution to human civilization.

　　简析

　　句1：坎儿井( Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。

　　解析：坎儿井( Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统 = 主干(坎儿井( Karez)是一种水利系统+定语(新疆干旱地区的);主干为主系表结构，定语可用介词短语进行翻译;“由地下渠道将水井连接而成”进一步补充说明这一水利系统，因此可将其处理为定从。

　　译文：Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid area of Xinjiang, in which wells are connected by underground channels.

　　句2：该系统将春夏季节渗入( seep into)地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。

　　解析：本句较长，但是句子成分相对明确;主干：该系统将雨水及积雪融水收集起来，引到地面;状语：用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求+通过山体的自然坡度;定语：春夏季节渗入( seep into)地下的+大量;状语定语都是四级常考形式，课上讲解技巧完全可以解决。

　　译文：The system collects vast amounts of rainwater and melted snow water that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws the water to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily needs.

　　句3：坎儿井減少了水在地面的蒸发( evaporation)，对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。

　　解析：本句结构清晰，典型的主谓宾结构;“因而”可以直接处理为结果状语或者直接用伴随状语进行翻译。

　　译文：Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment.

　　句4：坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。

　　解析：本句结构清晰，主干可以直接用and并列两个谓语动词或用多动句的处理方法进行翻译;“我国人民与自然和谐共存的”这一定语可直接用介词短语进行翻译。

　　译文：Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence between people and nature, which is a great contribution to human civilization.

　　第三套

　　原文

　　大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成。修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来也用于运输其他商品。大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。长久以来，大运河对中国经济发展发挥了重要作用，有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。

　　参考译文

　　The Grand Canal, one of the most magnificent projects in the Chinese history, is the longest man-made waterway in the world, which stretches from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south. The construction of the canal began in the 4th century and was completed at the end of 13th century. Originally, it was responsible for grain transportation, and later was used to carry other commodities. The areas along the canal have gradually developed into the center of industry and commerce in China. For a long time, it has played a key role in the economic development of China, promoting the personal exchange and cultural communication between the north and the south greatly.

　　简析

　　句1+句2:大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。

　　解析：该句中“世界上最长的... one of the longest man-made rivers in the world " 类似句式在2017年6月中珠江、长江、黄河中都有出现过，由此可见回顾往年真题的重要性。在翻译技巧上，该句属于课上重点强调过的多动句的翻译，可以选择用定语从句或者并列句来进行翻译。另外，句2句式较为简单且为对句1的解释说明，所以采取了同位语的结构来处理。

　　译文：The Grand Canal, one of the most magnificent projects in the Chinese history, is the longest man-made waterway in the world, which stretches from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south.

　　句3:大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成。

　　解析：该句主要注意公元前4世纪的表述为“the 4th century BC”;另外，需要注意第二个分句主干需要用到被动语态来处理，以及由于出现了表示过去的时间所以选择一般过去时。

　　译文：The construction of the canal began in the 4th century BC and was completed at the end of 13th century.

　　句4:修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来也用于运输其他商品。

　　解析：句中“是为了 was responsible for ”,需要注意句中表述为“修建之初”，所以时态是一般过去时，句式上，同样是对多个动作的处理，选择了并列来表达。

　　译文：Originally, it was responsible for grain transportation, and later was used to carry other commodities.

　　句5:大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。

　　解析：该句注意定语的翻译：“大运河沿线区域 areas along the canal”,选择用介词短语后置修饰前面的名词，类似句式也出现在2016年6月乌镇的题目中。

　　译文：The areas along the canal have gradually developed into the center of industry and commerce in China.

　　句6:长久以来，大运河对中国经济发展发挥了重要作用，有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。

　　解析：词汇短语上：“长久以来for a long time” 以及“发挥了...重要作用 play a key role in”都曾出现在往年真题中，再次体现了真题词汇的重要性。另外句式上，也是多动句的处理，选择了非谓语来表达。

　　译文：For a long time, it has played a key role in the economic development of China, promoting the personal exchange and cultural communication between the north and the south greatly

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