Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.

　　But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically， meaning can they be honest and fair？

　　One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads， so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve， they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road， even if that will put their passengers at risk？ What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？ What if the only risk is damage to the car itself， not to the passengers？

　　Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars， but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.

　　About the same time as AlphaGo‘s triumph， Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software， named Taylor， was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations， but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler， Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.

　　AlphaGo‘s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.

　　Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google， which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter， more able and “just better human beings.”

　　51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo‘s victory？

　　A)Computers will prevail over human beings.

　　B)Computers have unmatched potential.

　　C)Computers are man’s potential rivals.

　　D)Computers can become highly intelligent.

　　答案：D

　　解析：用题干the example of AlphaGo‘s victory定位至第一段，通过The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become. Alphago的成功是电脑已经变得很聪明的一个例子。因此D项电脑可以变得高智能符合题意。A B C在此处文意没有体现。

　　52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically？

　　A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.

　　B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.

　　C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.

　　D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.

　　答案：C

　　解析：通过题干acting ethically定位至第三段，答案在转折后：人工智能在无人驾驶方面，可以比司机犯更少的错，“Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives.”但是有时会面临生命间的选择。A的predicting预测无中生有，D sacrifice everything牺牲一切语气太过绝对，无中生有，B在做出选择前衡量得失与C面临道德困境时做出理智选择，C选项更贴合原文。

　　53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age？

　　A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.

　　B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.

　　C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.

　　D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.

　　答案：B

　　解析：通过题干the bigger challenge定位至第三段“Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge”，因此选B

　　54.What do we learn about Microsoft‘s ’chatbot‘ Taylor？

　　A)She could not distinguish good from bad.

　　B)She could turn herself off when necessary.

　　C)She was not made to handle novel situations.

　　D)She was good at performing routine tasks.

　　答案：A

　　解析：通过题干定位至第五段，由“but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler， Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.”可知，A选项Taylor无法区分好和坏正确。B选项是它可以自己关闭，而原文是微软关掉它，C选项与原文“She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations”意思正相反，D选项无中生有。

　　55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence？

　　A) It will be far superior to human beings.

　　B) It will keep improving as time goes by.

　　C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.

　　D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.

　　答案：C

　　解析：通过题干定位至最后一段，A B D无中生有，原文Eric Schmidt认为人工智能对人类发展有利，由原文“He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome…”可知C选项正确。

　　【考后关注】

　　新东方四六级估分系统，逼真还原12月试题，精准估分提早了解过没过线！具体估分规则，敬请关注新东方网四六级真题解析专题！