解析：考查同义替换

　　[C] We often take a militaristic， “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud， a boxer going one more round， or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that longer we tough it out， the tougher we are， and therefore the more successful we will be. However， this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

　　Section C

　　Passage2

　　Q51-55

　　On Jan. 9， 2007， 10 years ago today， Steve Jobs formally announced Apple‘s “revolutionary mobile phone” - a device that combined the functionality of an iPod， phone and Internet communication into a single unit， navigated by touch.

　　It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones， which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.

　　As smartphones have proliferated， so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient， mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted， leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion： Are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep？ Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health？ And what are the implications for privacy？

　　But today， on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone， let‘s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage： the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That’s because， for the first time in human history， a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual‘s behavior and environment. To quote a recent article published in Perspectives in Psychological Science： “Psychology has a great deal of data on what people believe they do... but little data on what people actually do.”

　　Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research， either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming， challenging and extending what‘s been found using more traditional approaches， in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.