一、短语搭配的核心应试价值(Core Exam-Oriented Value of Phrase Collocations)
四级考试中,“take/put/get/go” 相关短语是高频考点,覆盖阅读、听力、写作、翻译全题型:
写作 / 翻译:熟练运用短语可提升表达地道性(如用 “take measures” 替代 “do something”),契合 “词汇丰富度” 评分标准。
阅读:短语是同义替换的核心载体(如 “take advantage of” 对应 “make use of”),理解短语可快速定位答案。
听力:短对话和短文听力中常出现短语固定搭配(如 “go through difficulties”),熟悉短语可提升听辨效率。
关键原则:短语学习需 “绑定场景 + 强化搭配”,避免孤立记忆,重点掌握 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 的固定组合及真题常用语境。
二、take 常用短语搭配(Common Phrase Collocations of "take")
“take” 核心含义为 “拿、采取、花费”,四级高频搭配聚焦 “行动、时间、获取” 三大场景:
take advantage of(利用)
英文释义:make use of sth. for benefit
真题例句:Students should take advantage of library resources to improve their English.(学生应利用图书馆资源提升英语水平)
场景应用:写作中表 “利用机会 / 资源”,翻译中对应 “借助、利用”。
take measures to do(采取措施做某事)
英文释义:adopt actions to achieve a goal
真题例句:The government has taken effective measures to reduce air pollution.(政府已采取有效措施减少空气污染)
场景应用:环保、社会问题类写作 / 翻译高频表达。
take time to do(花费时间做某事)
英文释义:spend time on a task
真题例句:It takes patience to learn a foreign language well.(学好一门外语需要耐心)
注意:常用句型 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”,避免误用 “spend”(spend time doing)。
take part in(参加)
英文释义:join in an activity
真题例句:Many college students take part in volunteer activities on weekends.(许多大学生周末参加志愿活动)
辨析:take part in 侧重 “参与集体活动”,join 侧重 “加入组织 / 团体”(如 join the club)。
take place(发生)
英文释义:happen or occur
真题例句:Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past decade.(过去十年我的家乡发生了巨大变化)
注意:无被动语态,不能说 “is taken place”。
take care of(照顾;处理)
英文释义:look after sb. or deal with sth.
真题例句:She has to take care of her younger brother after school.(放学后她得照顾弟弟);We need to take care of the problem immediately.(我们需要立即处理这个问题)
场景应用:校园生活、日常事务类话题。
三、put 常用短语搭配(Common Phrase Collocations of "put")
“put” 核心含义为 “放置、表达、使处于”,四级高频搭配聚焦 “位置、表达、状态” 三大场景:
put forward(提出)
英文释义:suggest an idea or plan
真题例句:He put forward a practical proposal at the meeting.(他在会议上提出了一个切实可行的建议)
场景应用:写作中 “提出观点 / 方案”,对应翻译 “提议、提出”。
put off(推迟;拖延)
英文释义:delay doing sth.
真题例句:Don't put off your homework until the last minute.(别把作业拖到最后一刻)
搭配拓展:put off doing sth.(避免说 “put off to do”)。
put up(举起;张贴;建造)
英文释义:raise sth.;attach sth. to a wall;build sth.
真题例句:She put up her hand to ask a question.(她举手提问);Posters about the lecture are put up on the noticeboard.(讲座海报贴在公告栏上);The company plans to put up a new office building.(公司计划建造一栋新办公楼)
场景应用:校园通知、建设类话题。
put away(收好;储存)
英文释义:put sth. in its proper place;store sth.
真题例句:Please put away your books after class.(课后请把书收好);We need to put away some money for emergencies.(我们需要存些钱以备不时之需)
put up with(忍受)
英文释义:tolerate sth. unpleasant
真题例句:It's hard to put up with the noise in the downtown area.(很难忍受市中心的噪音)
场景应用:投诉、生活困扰类写作。
put into practice(付诸实践)
英文释义:carry out an idea or plan
真题例句:Theories learned in class should be put into practice.(课堂上学到的理论应付诸实践)
场景应用:学习方法、实践类话题。
四、get 常用短语搭配(Common Phrase Collocations of "get")
“get” 核心含义为 “获得、变得、到达”,四级高频搭配聚焦 “状态变化、获取、互动” 三大场景:
get along with(与… 相处;进展)
英文释义:have a good relationship with sb.;make progress
真题例句:She gets along well with her roommates.(她和室友相处融洽);How are you getting along with your CET-4 preparation?(你的四级备考进展如何?)
场景应用:校园生活、人际关系类写作。
get rid of(摆脱;除去)
英文释义:remove sth. unwanted
真题例句:We must get rid of bad habits to keep healthy.(我们必须改掉坏习惯保持健康)
翻译应用:对应 “根除、摆脱”,如 “摆脱贫困”(get rid of poverty)。
get used to(习惯于)
英文释义:become accustomed to sth.
真题例句:It takes time to get used to the new study rhythm.(需要时间适应新的学习节奏)
注意:to 是介词,后接名词 / 动名词(如 get used to studying late)。
get in touch with(与… 取得联系)
英文释义:communicate with sb. after not contacting for a while
真题例句:I need to get in touch with my former teacher to ask for advice.(我需要联系以前的老师寻求建议)
场景应用:沟通、求助类写作。
get through(通过;完成;接通电话)
英文释义:pass an exam;finish sth.;connect a phone call
真题例句:She finally got through the CET-4 exam after hard work.(经过努力,她终于通过了四级考试);I have to get through the report before tomorrow.(我必须在明天前完成报告);I can't get through to him on the phone.(我打电话打不通他)
场景应用:考试、工作任务类话题。
get away from(远离;摆脱)
英文释义:escape from a place or situation
真题例句:Many people want to get away from the city's noise on weekends.(很多人周末想远离城市的喧嚣)
场景应用:休闲、生活方式类写作。
五、go 常用短语搭配(Common Phrase Collocations of "go")
“go” 核心含义为 “去、进行、变得”,四级高频搭配聚焦 “动作、状态、过程” 三大场景:
go through(经历;通过;仔细检查)
英文释义:experience sth.;pass through;examine carefully
真题例句:She went through a lot of difficulties during the preparation.(她在备考期间经历了很多困难);The plan has to go through several tests before implementation.(该计划实施前需通过多项测试);Please go through your paper before handing it in.(交卷前请仔细检查试卷)
场景应用:个人经历、计划实施类写作。
go in for(参加;爱好)
英文释义:take part in an activity;be interested in sth.
真题例句:He plans to go in for the English speech contest.(他计划参加英语演讲比赛);She goes in for painting in her spare time.(她业余时间喜欢画画)
辨析:go in for 侧重 “主动参与 / 爱好”,take part in 侧重 “参与集体活动”。
go up(上升;上涨)
英文释义:increase in price, number or level
真题例句:The price of gasoline has gone up recently.(最近汽油价格上涨了);The number of online learners is going up year by year.(在线学习者的数量逐年上升)
场景应用:经济、数据类写作 / 翻译。
go down(下降;下沉)
英文释义:decrease in price, number or level;sink
真题例句:The temperature will go down sharply tomorrow.(明天气温将大幅下降);The ship went down in the storm.(那艘船在风暴中沉没了)
对应搭配:与 go up 形成反义,写作中表 “数据变化” 高频使用。
go on(继续;发生)
英文释义:continue doing sth.;happen
真题例句:Please go on with your story, we are all listening.(请继续讲你的故事,我们都在听);What's going on over there?(那边发生了什么事?)
搭配拓展:go on doing(继续做同一件事);go on to do(接着做另一件事)。
go out of one's way(特地;想尽办法)
英文释义:make a special effort to do sth.
真题例句:She went out of her way to help me with my English homework.(她特地帮我辅导英语作业)
场景应用:人际关系、互助类写作,提升表达情感温度。
六、短语搭配强化训练方法(Enhancement Training Methods for Phrase Collocations)
1. 搭配造句训练(Collocation Sentence-Making)
每个短语造 1 个四级真题风格句子,绑定具体场景。例如:
get rid of:We should get rid of the habit of procrastinating to pass CET-4.(为了通过四级,我们应该改掉拖延的习惯)
put forward:Experts put forward that online education has both advantages and disadvantages.(专家提出在线教育既有优势也有劣势)
2. 真题语境匹配(Real Exam Context Matching)
选取近 3 年四级真题阅读 / 翻译片段,标注含目标短语的句子,分析搭配逻辑。例如:
真题原句:"To take full advantage of online resources, students need to improve their information screening ability."(为了充分利用在线资源,学生需要提升信息筛选能力)
分析:take advantage of 后接名词(online resources),表 “利用资源”,对应题干 “how to use online resources”。
3. 短语替换训练(Phrase Replacement Training)
用同义短语替换基础表达,提升词汇丰富度。例如:
原句:We should use time wisely.(我们应该明智地利用时间)
替换:We should take full advantage of time.(我们应该充分利用时间)
4. 碎片时间强化(Fragment Time Enhancement)
制作 “短语闪卡”:正面写短语(如 “take measures to do”),背面写 “释义 + 例句”,通勤时快速浏览;利用单词 APP(如墨墨背单词)的短语模块,设置每日复习提醒。
七、常见误区与规避建议(Common Mistakes and Avoidance Suggestions)
误区 1:混淆介词 / 副词(Confusing prepositions/adverbs)
规避:牢记固定搭配(如 “take care of” 不能说 “take care for”,“put up with” 不能说 “put up”),用红色笔标注易错介词 / 副词。
误区 2:短语搭配语法错误(Grammatical errors in collocations)
规避:重点记忆 “动词 + 介词” 后接动名词(如 “put off doing”“get used to doing”),避免接不定式。
误区 3:脱离语境使用短语(Using phrases out of context)
规避:每个短语绑定 2-3 个核心场景(如 “take measures” 对应 “环保、社会问题”),写作 / 翻译时先判断场景再选用短语。
误区 4:忽视短语同义替换(Ignoring synonym replacement of phrases)
规避:整理 “同义短语组”(如 “take part in = join in = participate in”),阅读中快速识别替换表达,写作中灵活切换提升丰富度。