Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following passage:
The Caledonian Market in London is a clearing house of the junk (旧货、废弃
物 ) of the universe. Here, rubbish is a commodity and rubbish picking is a sport. Somebody, somewhere, wanted these things, perhaps just to look at. You learn here the incredible obscurity of human needs and desires. People grope (摸索), with fascinated curiosity, among the turnedout debris (废墟) of thousands of attic rooms. Junk pours in twice a week, year in and year out. The Market is the penultimate (倒数第二的) resting place of banished vases, musical instruments that will not play, sewing machines that will not sew, paralyzed perambulator, epileptic bicycles and numerous other articles from which all morale and hope have long departed. There are stories of fortunes being picked up in the Market. Once seven hundred gold sovereigns were found in a secret drawer of a crazy old bureau. And book buyers have discovered valuable editions of Milton and Dickens and Carlyla. There is nothing one can not buy in the Market.
21. The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is ____.
A) Why People Buy What They Do
B) Reflections on A Famous Junk Market
C) The Cause for Fascinated Curiosity
D) What Happens to Attic Debris
22. The articles for sale in the Caledonian Market ____.
A) are wanted to look at
B) are collected 100 times a year
C) reveal obscure needs and desires
D) bring fortune to the buyers
23. From the style of this passage one might assume that it was taken from
____.
A) a report on marketing
B) a guide book
C) directions for a stage setting
D) an information essay
Questions 24 to 30 are based on the following passage:
A llelomimetic behavior may be defined as behavior in which two or more individual animals do the same thing, with some degree of mutual simulation and coordination. It can only involve in species with sense organs that are well enough developed so that continuous sensory contact can be maintained. It is found primarily in vertebrates(脊椎动物), in those species that are diurnal, and usually in those that spend much of their lives in the air, in open water or on open plains.
In birds, allelomimetic behavior is the rule rather than the exception, though it may occasionally be limited to particular seasons of the year as it is in the redwing blackbird. Its principal function is that of providing safety from predators(掠食者), partly because the flock can rely on many pairs of eyes to watch for enemies, and partly because if one bird reacts to danger, the whole flock is warned.
Among mammals, allelomimetic behavior is very rare in rodents(啮齿动物), which almost never move in flocks or herds. Even when they are artificially crowded together, they do not conform in their movements. On the other hand, such behavior is a major system among largehoofed mammals,such as sheep.
In the packhunting carnivores(食肉类飞禽), allelomimetic behavior has another function of cooperative hunting for large prey(被捕食者) animals,such as moose. Wolves also defend their dens as a group against larger predators, such as bears.
Finally, allelomimetic behavior is highly developed among most primate groups, where it has the principal function of providing warning against predators,as though combined defensive behavior is also seen in troops of baboons(狒狒).
24. The main topic of the passage is the ____.
A) value of allelomimetic behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate species
B) definition and distribution of allelomimetic behavior
C) relationship of allelomimetic behavior to the survival of the fittest
D) personality factors that determine when an individual animal will show allelomimetic behavior
25. Which of the following places is the most likely setting for allelomimetic behavior?
A) A lake. B) A cave.
C) An underground tunnel. D) A thick forest.
26. The author implies that allelomimetic behavior occurs most often among a
nimals that ____.
A) prey on other animals
B) are less intelligent than their enemies
C) move in groups
D) have one sense organ that dominates perception
27. Which of the following is the most clear example of allelomimetic?
A) Bears hunting for carnivores.
B) Cattle fleeing from a fire.
C) Horses running at a racetrack.
D) Dogs working with police officers.
28. According to the passage the primary function of allelomimetic behavior
in bird is to ____.
A) defend nests against predators
B) look at each other
C) locate prey
D) warn against predators
29. According to the passage, what happens to the behavior of rodents when they are artificially crowded together?
A) Their allelomimetic behavior increases.
B) Continuous cooperation between them is maintained.
C) They become aggressive and attack each other.
D) They show little allelomimetic behavior.
30. Which of the following groups of human beings would probably show the greatest amount of allelomimetic behavior?
A) A group of students taking a test.
B) Tennis players competing in a tournament.
C) A patrol of soldiers scouting for the enemy.
D) Drivers waiting for a traffic light to change.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
The American Heart Association and other groups have said for many years that people could reduce the chance of suffering a heart attack by eating less of the foods rich in cholesterol(胆固醇). These include such foods as meats, milk products and eggs. The Heart Association noted a number of studies which show that nations where people eat a lot of high cholesterol foods have a higher number of deaths from heart disease.
However, the new report disagrees. It was made by the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Academy of Sciences. The new report by a team of 15 scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease. It noted seven major studies involving people whose diet was changed to include only foods low in cholesterol. The studies found only a very small reduction in the number of heart attacks and there was no reduction in the number of heart attack deaths.
Other studies have shown similar results. They found that a change to low cholesterol foods will have only a minor effect on the amount of cholesterol in a
person's blood and only a minor effect on the number of deaths.
Medical scientists hope that two huge new studies may settle the cholesterol dispute. The tests are designed to learn if low cholesterol foods or anticholesterol drugs, or both, can reduce the amount of the substance in the blood and reduce the chance of a heart attack. The two new studies will be finished in the next year or two.
The new Academy of Sciences report also discussed other possible links between food and disease. The scientists, in general, they are deeply concerned about some of the recent advice given about food. They noted that a number of private groups, government agencies and several popular books have advised that people can prevent heart disease, cancer and other sicknesses by changing the kinds of foods they eat. The new report said there is often no good scientific evidence to support such advice. In fact, the scientists said such ideas often produce only false hopes or unnecessary fears.
31. According to the passage, people could reduce the chance of suffering he
art attack by ____.
A) eating less foods with a lot of cholesterol
B) eating less of low cholesterol foods
C) eating a lot of high cholesterol foods
D) eating drugs
32. High cholesterol foods include ____.
A) eggs, meats and milk products
B) potatoes, green vegetables and tomatoes
C) corn, wheat and beef
D) sugar, rice and butter
33. Some scientists believe that there is no evidence that cholestrol in food is directly linked to ____.
A) blood disease B) heart disease
C) infectious disease D) mental disorder
34. Medical scientists believe that ____.
A) tests have been designed to settle the cholesterol dispute
B) drugs have been tested to reduce the amount of the substance in blood
C) low cholesterol foods or anticholesterol drugs or both can reduce the
chance of a heart attack
D) none of the statements mentioned above is correct
35. Which of the following statements in NOT true?
A) One can avoid a heart disease by eating less foods with little cholesterol.
B) One can avoid a heart disease by taking the doctor's advice to eat low cholesterol foods and anticholesterol drugs or both.
C) There has been good scientific evidence that cholesterol foods can produce the chance of suffering a heart disease.
D) People usually believe that cholesterol foods are directly linked to heart disease.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960's, but it was in the 1970's, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in
1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio's leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.
36. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) During the 1970's, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern
use.
B) Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers. C) The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight u
rban decay.
D) Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in
Boston.
37. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?
A) Boston's new city hall.
B) Sports and recreational facilities.
C) Commercial and industrial warehouses.
D) Restaurants, offices, and stores.
38. According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a proje
ct in ____.
A) San Francisco B) Boston
C) Minneapolis D) San Antonio
39. When was the Butler Square building originally built?
A) In the eighteenth century.
B) In the early nineteenth century.
C) In the late nineteenth century.
D) In the early twentieth century.
40. What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio project?
A) It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.
B) It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.
C) The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.
D) The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the
buildings.
