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Passage One
46. B
定位句:(第2段)Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country.
根据题干the new by-approved soda tax in Philadelphia锁定定位句。定位句提到在全国范围内为类似新举措建立新样本。(sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country)与B选项鼓励其他城市跟着做一致。A选项改变生活方式,C选项减少低收入社区消费,D选项影响市场营销策略都是无中生有的选项。
该题需要理解定位句,难度稍大,但可以通过排除法得出答案。
47. C
定位句:(第5段最后一句)So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.
题干 opponents指向第4段,根据题干 opponents probably do锁定第5段的做法才是定位句。定位句提到要用法律手段停止这项举措( take legal action to stop it),与C选项一致。
该题只要弄清题干所问为何并锁定定位句即可得出答案,难度不大。
48. D
定位句:(第6段)An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least S4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax."
根据题干 industry-backed anti-tax campaign锁定定位句。定位句提到花钱投放广告,该广告批判了这项举措。(...has spent at least S4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure,...)与选项D一致。
该题只要根据题干关键词锁定定位句即可得出答案,难度不大。
49. B
定位句:(第7段)Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans.
根据题干public health groups锁定定位句。定位句提到Public health groups赞同这项举措因为这项举措可以解决一些一直折磨着美国人的长期的健康问题。(fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans),与选项B一致。
50. A
定位句:(第8段)Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulder are becoming hot-button issues.
根据题干similar measures锁定定位句。定位句提到Similar measures逐渐成为敏感话题(hot-button issues),与选项A一致。B选项散播恐慌,C选项减少由糖引起的疾病的发病率,D选项减少苏打水产业的利润都是无中生有的选项。
该题解题关键为对hot-button issues的理解,对于词汇量不大的考生存在一定难度,但可通过排除法得出答案。
Passage Two
51. D
定位句:Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found.
根据题干the finding of the new study及题文同序锁定定位句。定位句提到微波炉看起来无害但新研究发现它们排放出的碳元素和7百万辆汽车一样,与选项D一致。
52. A
定位句:With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years.
题干 sales of microwaves expected to rise指向第一段最后一句,根据题干Why锁定前面的With costs falling...才是原因所在,才是定位句。定位句提到价格下降及使用者平均8年就会扔掉一台微波炉。但没有拿微波炉的生命周期与其他家电作比较,也没有说8年的周期是短周期,故选项B是混淆项。costs falling与选项A一致。
该题难点在于考生容易受选项B干扰,忽视前面提到的价格降低。
53. B
定位句:According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behavior.
题干the study by the University of Manchester指向第2段,根据题干关键词recommendation锁定该段最后的做法才是定位句所在。定位句提到减少消耗的努力应集中在提高消费者的意识和行为,与选项B一致。选项A是混淆选项,定位句后一句有举具体行为的例子:根据食物类型调整加热时间以提高使用效率。而不是加热不同类型的食物。
该题只要锁定定位句,难度不大。但需注意区分混淆选项。
54. A
定位句:However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars.
根据题干Professor David Reay try to argue锁定定位句。定位句提到教授说,与车相比,微波炉排放量很小。与选项A一致。
该题只要锁定同位句即可得答案,难度不大。
55. C
定位句:Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
根据题干the use of microwaves锁定定位句。定位句提到微波炉是最节能的,因此微波炉销量上升是一件积极的事情。与选项C一致。选项A十年内会不那么受欢迎,选项B让烹饪更方便,属于无中生有的选项;选项D比传统烹饪消耗更多能量,属于违背原文的选项。皆可排除。
该题锁定并理解同位句即可得到答案,还可以通过排除得到答案,难度不大。
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