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　　【原文】

　　A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own

　　A) Getting around a city is one thing — and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.

　　In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses "rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale."

　　B) "The 18th century really was a waterborne(水运的)century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century — and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air," Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years." From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness," says Kasada. "The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport."

　　C) Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub(枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an "international business district" doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived(构想)this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. "I am a visionary," he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.

　　D) Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea." Gangnam Style" refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo."I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo," says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. "Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice."

　　E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that's not how it has turned out. Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven — all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.

　　F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers — even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out.Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that's the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city — more popular as a residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined." It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work," says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering(闪烁的)glass towers line the canal’s edge.

　　G) "What's happened is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here," he says. "There needs to be strong economic incentives." The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.

　　H) But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow." I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace," says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. "I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights." But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.

　　I) The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated, too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, "like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate." But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies

　　J) Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up — about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. "There have been a lot of utopian(乌托邦的)cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely." In other words, when it comes to cities — or anything else — it is hard to predict the future.

　　36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.

　　37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.

　　38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.

　　39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.

　　40. Aieplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.

　　41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.

　　42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.

　　43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.

　　44. According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.

　　45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.

　　【答案】

　　36. F. Songdo’s popularity

　　37. I. The man...

　　38. D. A scene...

　　39. G. Songdo still...

　　40. B. Airplanes will...

　　41. E. Songdo has ended up...

　　42. H. Some of the people...

　　43. A. A business professor...

　　44. J. According to...

　　45. C. Park Yeon Soo,...

　　【题目解析】

　　36. F. 本题可定位至原文F段第六行结尾“Songdo has become a popular Korean city -- more popular as a residential area than a business one.”表明在韩国，松岛市作为住宅区比商业区更受欢迎，对应题干中的lies more in its quality of life(生活质量)than its business attraction(商业吸引力)。

　　37. I. 本题题干中写道，当初对松岛市提出设想的人感到失望，因为达不到他的期待(fall short of his expectations)，可定位至原文I段第一行，the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too.

　　38. D. 本题题干中写道，韩国流行音乐录影带中的一个场景(s)是在松岛市拍摄的，可定位至原文D段第一行“Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea”，以及第四行，“there was a scene in a subway station...That was actually Songdo.”

　　39. G. 本题题干中写道，对想要落户(shop here)的企业来说，松岛市缺乏相应的财政刺激(financial stimulus)，可定位至原文G段第二行“there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here.”原文从正向表达了相同的含义。

　　40. B. 本题题干中写道，根据教授的说法，飞机将逐渐成为主要交通方式。该教授professor John Kasarda在A段出现，但本题需定位至原文B段第二行，教授表示“the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century.”

　　41. E. 本题题干中写道，松岛市并未变成应有的样子(it was supposed to be)，可定位至原文E段前两行“The city was supposed to be a hub...But that’s not how it has turned out.”

　　42. H. 本题题干中写道，松岛市一些居民抱怨工作环境令人厌倦。通过分析题意，可定位至原文H段第一行结尾“I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace.”该女士将工作场所比作监狱(prison)，可见其令人生厌。

　　43. A. 本题题干中写道，一位商业学教授表示未来的城市应该实现国际化交通，可定位至原文A段第二行，教授John Kasarda说“One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offer easy access to air travel.”

　　44. J. 本题题干中写道，城市设计师很难预见未来会发生什么。可定位至原文J段倒数第二行“when it comes to the cities...it is hard to predict the future.”

　　45. C. 原文C段第四行写道“He considers Sondo his baby Park”，表示Park Yeon Soo将松岛市当作自己的孩子，对应本题题干中的“parental connection”。

　　【试卷点评】

　　本题难度适中，做题时需画出题干关键词，如人名“Park Yeon Soo”，名词短语“financial stimulus”，表态度的形容词“disappointed”等，再根据含义定位原文，找到对应表达或同义表达，如“economic incentives”和“frustrated”，进而得出正确答案。

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