新东方网整理 | 2017-05-12 07:49
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3.SVO句型(主语+谓语+宾语)
这类句型中的动词都为及物动词,动词后必须跟宾语,但只跟一个宾语。例如:
You should inform the manager and all the members of the company.
你应该通知经理和公司所有员工。
The police are investigating the crime.
警方正在调查这桩罪行。
4.SVOiOd句型(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
这类句型中的动词都为及物动词,而且需跟双宾语,即直接宾语(动作的承受者)和间接宾语(动作结果所涉及者)。例如:
The driver saved us a lot of trouble.
司机为我们省去了很多麻烦。
They have offered us $60,000for the house.Shall we take it?
他们已向我们出价六万美元买这所房子。我们卖不卖?
需注意的是:间接宾语常用介词to和for引出。如果间接宾语是动作结果涉及的对象,即表示动作是对谁做的,用to;如果间接宾语是动作结果的受益者,即动作是为谁做的,用 for。如果间接宾语是人称代词,需用to
或for引出。
可由to引出间接宾语的动词有:give, send,show,write,bring,read,pass,lend,? leave,hand,tell,return,throw,owe等。例如:
He passed the salt to her.
他把盐递给了她。
You’d better hand it directly to the de- partment head.
你最好直接把它交给系主任。
可由for引出间接宾语的动词有:buy, fetch,make,get,cook,sing,spare,do, paint,play,find等。例如:
We are going to sing some songs for our friends.
我们要为我们的朋友唱几首歌。
Could you fetch a clean shirt for me?
你能替我去取一件干净的衬衫吗?
5.SVOC句型(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补)
这类句型中的动词都是及物动词,但它们跟了宾语后句子意思仍不完整,需在宾语后再跟一个成分,表示宾语的动作或说明宾语的状态、特性、身份等。这个成分被称为宾语补足语(Object Complement)。宾语与宾补
之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系;宾补可以由形容词、分词、不定式、名词和介词短语来担当。例如:
They found the story very instructive.
他们发现这个故事很有教育意义。(形容词作宾补,比较:The story was very??instructive.)
The doctor advised him to take a good rest.
医生劝他好好休息。(不定式作宾补,比较:In the doctor’s opinion,he should take a good rest.)
He felt something moving on his back.
他感到什么东西在他背上移动。(现在分词作宾补,比较:Something was moving on his back.)
They found the hall crowded with people.
他们发现大厅里挤满了人。(过去分词作宾补,比较:The hall was crowded with people.)
They made him captain of the ship.
他们选他做了船长。(名词作宾补,比较:He was captain of the ship.)
The cold kept me in bed for three days.
这次感冒使我三天卧床不起。(介词短语作宾补,比较:I was in bed for three days because of the cold.)
上述五种句型必要时都可跟状语。掌握了这些简单句的基本句型后,通过并列、从属、添加修饰语等手段对其进行扩展,我们就可以构造各种复杂的句子,表达更为复杂的思想。