2019.12四级翻译-3

　　中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后，千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者预期他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

　　1.中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。

　　【解析】考察动词短语翻译：由……组成consist of A and B。词汇短语：汉族人the Han; 全名full name; 姓surname/family name/last name; 名first name/given name。

　　【答案】The full name of ethnic Han in China consists of a surname and a first name.

　　2.中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。

　　【解析】考察标语从句翻译：“特点是……”后为带有谓语动词的并列句，此处建议使用表语从句be that+句子。

　　【答案】The characteristic of Chinese names is that the family name always comes first, followed by the first name.

　　3.千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。

　　【解析】考察词汇短语翻译：世代相传pass down from generation to generation。

　　【答案】For thousands of years, the father's surname has been passed down from generation to generation.

　　4.然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。

　　【解析】考察基本句式翻译：It is +adj.+ 介词/that。

　　【答案】Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for children to take their mother's surname.

　　5.一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。

　　【解析】考察一主多谓翻译：“名”作为主语搭配了“有”和“承载”两个动词，可使用并列句，介词短语或宾语从句等形式进行处理，保留一至二个动词在句中。

　　【答案】Generally speaking, a given name has one or two Chinese characters and usually carries the wishes of parents for their children.

　　6.从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者预期他们过什么样的生活。

　　【解析】考察动词短语翻译：推断出be an indicator of...

　　【答案】A child's name can be an indicator of what kind of person a parent wants their children to be or what kind of life they expect them to lead.

　　7.父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

　　【解析】考察源于状语从句及动词短语翻译：“因为...”because/ since/ as/ on account that...

　　【答案】Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names tend to stay with them for life.

　　【参考答案】The full name of ethnic Han in China consists of a surname and a first name. The characteristic of Chinese names is that the family name always comes first, followed by the first name. For thousands of years, the father's surname has been passed down from generation to generation. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for children to take their mother's surname. Generally speaking, a given name has one or two Chinese characters and usually carries the wishes of parents for their children. A child's name can be an indicator of what kind of person a parent wants their children to be or what kind of life they expect them to lead. Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names tend to stay with them for life.

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