四级听力		四级作文		四级阅读		四级翻译		四级综合点评
	六级听力		六级作文		六级阅读		六级翻译		六级综合点评

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　　卷一

　　Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 　26　to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 　27　 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic　28　, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 　29　 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.

　　The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 　30　 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 　31　 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 　32　 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 　33　 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 　34　 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 　35　 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.

　　A)attendance B)consequently C)current D)depressing

　　E)dropping F)essential G)feasible H)flow

　　I)mood J)mutually K)particularly L)performance

　　M)review N)survive O)tend

　　26. O

　　解析：tend本句缺少谓语动词，主语为children, 且为一般现在时，句子应用动词原形且要与to搭配，选O。

　　27. M

　　解析：review空前为冠词和介词，空处选名词，根据分类三个名词均不符合句意，review既有名词也有动词词性，名词意为“回顾”。

　　28. L

　　解析：performance前为形容词，空处选择名词，选L。

　　29. K

　　解析：particularly句子完整，位置不在名词前，考查副词，选K。

　　30. N

　　解析：survive前有to, 选动词原形，根据句意，选N。

　　31. E

　　解析：dropping逗号后句子完整，考查非谓语，depressing或dropping, 根据句意，选E。

　　32. J

　　解析：mutually句子完整考查形容词或副词，空后为形容词，故填副词，根据句意选J。

　　33. H

　　解析：flow 结合语意“血液流到大脑”，应填动词flow。

　　34. F

　　解析：essential 前为are, 后面有to, 搭配be essential to。

　　35. I

　　解析：mood前为动词，and并列，后有stress。

　　Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too

　　[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.

　　[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.

　　[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.

　　[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.

　　[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?

　　[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

　　[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

　　[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”

　　[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.

　　[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)

　　[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”

　　[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

　　[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

　　[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

　　36。E

　　37。 L

　　38。B

　　39。 H

　　40。N

　　41。 J

　　42。 F

　　43。 C

　　44。 I

　　45。 G

　　仔细阅读